Travertine Deposition Rate And Landscape Evolution In Huanglong Area

Travertine deposits on the surface of the karst spring, the river, the lake where format the secondary calcium carbonate, is the information carrier of environment, climate, biology and so on. Other regions of the world, travertine more exist in the karst area, but the formation of travertine landscape is a special in Huanglong. The distribution of travertine controlled by the appearing of karst groundwater in Huanglong, the moraine layer cemented with travertine is the impermeable floor in shallow groundwater activities. The special characteristics of geological and hydrological background is an important prerequisite for the travertine landscape formation in Huanglong, the wide and slow valley is a good place, surface water and groundwater riched in Heavy calcium carbonate runoff slowly in Huanglong.Previous research on the geology, geomorphology, hydrology, biology, tourism has considerable depth in Huanglong area. In recent years, the main reasons leading to reducing travertine landscape and water serious loss in Huanglong, is diversion of core landscape water, and changes in surface water cycle, part of travertine pool dried up, cracked or even collapsed. Through the simulation of travertine deposition in laboratory test, the analysis of water quality and field experiment estimate the travertine deposit rate. The paper's innovation analyzes the change regularity in space of the deposition rate and corrosion rate in the travertine deposition-dissolution process, and then study the the process of growth, evolution and extinction of travertine landscape in Huangl??In the research, it proposed the view that travertine deposition of a "dynamic change of time and space", it doesn't exist normal deposition rate; that with a time of travertine deposition in Huanglong, in the early geological period of travertine formation, and the rate is relative uniform, up to 10-20mm/a, and the re-allocation of water appears in late period, travertine deposition co-exist with the dissolution.Especially, it shows clear differences in time and space in this stage, the travertine deposition rate in some sections up to 0.37-5.57mm/a, certain areas maintain the deposition- solution dynamic balance, in some areas, travertine is not a state of deposition but a state of dissolution which formate the buried pipes and caves, there's the phenomenon of the disappearance of travertine. Climate environment, hydrodynamic conditions, water physico-chemical conditions, micro-topography environment, the biological effects of algae, which only external factors, and the travertine aquifer hydrogeological conditions plays a leading role as internal factors in Huanglong. Transform the way of the surface flooding and groundwater diversions, the new formation of underground travertine channels, the greater loss of landscape water, resulting recession in the local landscape, such as falls, or transfermation of the location. The destruction of the state of travertine structure, and the integrity of the flow may accelerate the recession, demise evolution of travertine.The essence of travertine landscape degradation is the hydro-geological problems in Huanglong. On basis of research in travertine deposition rate and landscape evolution, perfecting the theory of travertine deposition, protection of the travertine landscape in scientific and practical measures and recommendations in Huanglong.