Studies On The Biology Of Pyrocoelis Analis And The Intestinal Bacteria Of P. Analis Larvae

There were 2,000 kinds of fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) in the world, widely distributed in the temperate zone,the tropics and the subtropics.There were 76 kinds of fireflies readed in China,and in taiwan were about 58 species. Firefly,Little or middle,long and flat ,soft body and elytras,the flat pronotal often hided the head which small and spheroidals,males'eyes bigger than females. At the lateral sides of abdomen ventrites 6-7,each with a pair of spot-like luminescent organs.The adults all can give off green light. In this paper ,the biology characteristics and the larvaes'intestine of P. analis were studied by reseaching 7 kinds of fireflies resouces,as a basis for future studies on protection an utilization.Biology1 Through investigating firefly resources, collecting fireflies′samples in part of Shandong province,and identifying and statistical analysis,7 species belongt -o 2 Subfamilys 3 orders were collected.There were Subfamily luciolinae Genus luciola Laporte,Subfamily Lampyrinae Genus Diaphaes Motschulsky and Genus Pyrocoelia Gorham.2 P. analis was a holometabolism insect,experiencing egg,larvae,pupae and adult. Adults of P.analis were typically sexual dimorphism , Themales pronotumweresemicircular,yellow orange,semitransparent, apical margin well reflexed and there a pair of small vitreous areoles at longitudinal ridge.Elytra were very strong and black.The zonary luminescent organs nearly occupy all of ventrites 5-6. Females were yellow-orange in the whole, brachypterous. the Pronotum was similar to that of male but without vitreous areolets.At the lateral sides of abdomen ventrites 6-7,each with a pair of spot-like luminescent organs,which were white, strong and flashing green light persistent.3 There was one generation in one or two years.Adults were occurred on beginning of July to early August. The peak of the oviposit was on early October. P. analis wintered by eggs or mature larvaes.4 The eggs of the females were laid singularly or in heaps, spheroidal displacement and orange yellow . The larvaes are nocturnal.Larval glow is not refular, inhabitting moist grasslands and jungles and mainly feed on two species of land snails,Bradybaena similaris (Ferussac),Bradybaena ravida and Beaveria bassiana. The sequence of the preying behavior of larvae was searching,preying,cleansing,break and searching again. Larvaes did not need favorable places for pupal cell construction.A predator of adult fireflies is the spider,(Benson)( Stylomma tophora:Bradybaeniidae).5 During pupation,the adult light organ developed and became functional.In addition,the larval light organ continued to function throughout prepupal,pupal and teneral adult stages.6 The mating and ovipositing behavior was also observed in field and laboratory.Each female can mate immediately after emergence and with several different males in whole life.Most of males died when they end of the mating.The competitive behavior among mating males was ubiquitous.The mated and unmated females can lay eggs normally. The longevity of the former lasted for14.55±3.65d(n=20),and the average number of eggs was 80.60±47.94 (n=20) at24±1℃.It is guessed that morphological and physiologi cal factor, which influenced female fecundity.7 Adults of P.analis exhibit feflex bleeding when tactually stimulated.Male discharge fluids from along elytral and pronotal margins and around the anten Nal socket,but females only discharge from pronotal margins and antennal sockets,without the small elytral buds.8 Effects of four constant temperatures(20℃,24℃,28℃) on development duriation,fecundity and longevity of P.pectoralis were investigated.The1nd to 2nd instars larvae development well, the developmental period 3nd to 5nd instars larvae at 24℃were shorter than 28℃,and the 5nd instars larvae all dead at 20℃. the survival rate of oviposition rate,hatching rate and survival rate at 24℃were higher at 28℃,the development duriation of female pupa is shorter than that of male pupa. The development duriation from eggs to adults were 349.5±8.15 days on the average,which the period of eggs,Larvars,pupas and adluts stage were 117.22±0.9days184.92±18.56days,12.65±1.09days and15.60±3.85days respectively.9 Field survey that the males can be found earlier female about 15 days.Male pupation in the mid-September,late September to early October was the female pupation period.The time of the rising in labrotory and observtion results were unform.Bacteria strains of intestine of P. analisTen bacteria strainswere isolated from the intestine of the 5 th instar larvae of Py rocoelis analis Fabricius, and were identified as Escherichia, Chryseom onas,Actinobacillus,Morganella,Listeria,Aureobacterium,Microbacterium,Terrabacter,Bacillus and Flavibacterium based on bacterialmodality,dyeing reaction,cultural characteristics,physiological characteristics and biochemical reactions.