| Bryophytes were collected from nine copper mines located in Huili-Dongchuan Aulacogen metal logenic belt, which occupied the 60% copper resource of Yunnan and Sichuan. 758 bryophyte samples were belonged to 199 species in 74 genera, 22 families. Thereinto 5 species are Hepaticae in 4 genera of 4 families, and 194 species are Musci in 70 genera of 18 families. 9 species are new record of bryophyte in Yunnan and 46 species are new in Sichuan. The Abundance Index of the species from Tangdan Copper Mine was the highest in all sites. Two copper mines,which have a larger similarity, are quite near in space, and the distance between two study sites will lead the difference in species in the similar substrate. Scopelophila cataractae (Mitt.) Broth. [Merceyopsis sikkimensis (C.Muell.) Broth. et Dix.], which is the one species of classical Copper Mosses, occurred in Yinmin Copper Mine in Yunnan Province. It offered an important evidence for the existence of Copper Mosses on copper mines in China.Pottiaceae and Bryaceae are dominant families in all of study sites. Tangdan Copper Mine and Lala Copper Mine are both strip mine where dominant families are more abundant than other copper mines. Bryum Hedw., Brachythecium B.S.G., Barbula Hedw., Pohlia Hedw. and Ditrichum Hamp. are dominant genera as a whole, but Tangdan Copper Mine are different with other obviously. All the Life-forms of bryophyte samples have four types: Short turfs, Tall turfs, Mats and Wefts. Short turfs are dominant, which is an adaptability to dry environment in copper mines. There are nine phytogeogrphical elements in all study sites, Cosmopolitan is the dominant element, Endemic to China take second place, Eastern Asia, North temperate zone, Tropical Asia and Eastern Asia, North America are next.Nine metal elements'contents(Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Au, Cr, Cd, As and Pb) of 8 species (10 samples): Microdus sinensis Herz., Dicranella heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp., Didymodon rufidulus (C. Mull.) Broth., Bellibarbula obtusicuspis (Besch.) Chen from Tangdan Copper Mine, Bryum anagustirete Kindb., Bryum argenteum Hedw., Barbula teetorum C.Muell., Barbula rigidula (Hedw.) Mild. from Lala Copper Mine, Bryum argenteum Hedw, Didymodon rufidulus (C. Mull.) Broth. from Tuobuka-Boka Gold Mine as contrastive samples, and their substrates were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry and non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry in the study of biogeochemistry because of their large frequency or cover area in sites.Contents of Cu in plant samples from Tangdan Copper Mine are higher than other higher plants and belonged to super enrichment. Microdus sinensis Herz. is the highest(5606.00ppm), should be researched in further study as enrichment plant. Metal element contents in plant samples from Tangdan Copper Mine are higher than Lala Copper Mine, contents of Cu are the most obvious. Concentrations of Au, Cr and As in plant samples from Tuobuka-Boka Gold Mine are higher than copper mines, other elements (Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb) are all lower. Contents of Zn, Cu and Cd in substrate from copper mines and gold mine are all higher than national standard of soil condition in China. Contrastive conditon of substrate samples from three mines is as same as plant samples. Super enrichment or strong enrichment didn't occur in Tangdan Copper Mine because of barrier effect of geochemistry, which explained the protection function of plants. Enrichment coefficients of Dicranella heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp are lower than other plants, it will provide an advantage for living on the environment of copper mine as a pioneer species. By the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis for element contents in plant samples and substrate samples, we find that they have the similar results after analysis, which effectively proved that metal element contents in plants are influenced by the condition of substrate. It will give a theory gist for botanical prospecting and ecological restoration using bryophyte on mines.
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