The Analysis Of Evolution Process And The Evaluation Of Comprehensive Benefits Of Reclamation In Hebei Province

With the rapidly development of social economy and the increasely pressure of population growth in coastal area, the scarcity of coastal land resource has become increasingly obvious. In order to meet the needs of socio-economic development, the human through reclamation expand the space of survival and development for coastal areas. These alleviated the contradiction of the land supply and demand in a certain extent, and obtained tremendous social and economic benefits. At present, reclamation has been reclaimed by many coastal countries and regions attention, has become an important way that the human development and utilization of coastal zones, and become an effective means that the human seek the survival space and production space to the ocean.In recent years, socio-economic of coastal areas developed rapidly in Hebei Province. The fish breeding and poultry raising development, salt field expand, port and harbor construction, industrial district construction approaching the port, sea oil gas mining, coastal tourism development etc to the ocean space resources demand grow unceasingly. Marine scale use of space resources expand unceasingly, which taken the sea encirclement and the reclamation as the fundamental mode, and infused the new vigor for the region marine economy development and developed a more widespread space.However, the reclamation bring tremendous social and economic benefits in the meantime, the surrounding marine environment have many negative effects.For example, ecological degradation, environmental degradation, resources recession, marine disasters exacerbate and so on. Consequently,we should pay attention to ecological and environmental protection,while the acceleration of source development.Based on the reclamation project present situation and the analysis of the evolution process, we should make scientific evaluation for the sea reclamation project which constructed and going to construct. We must bring the negative influence to minimize, realizes marine ecosystems with the greatest efficiency and sustainable development in coastal zone.The paper choosed the coastal areas'topographic diagram(1956 ,1:50000)and four period's Landsat remote sensing images of 1978,1993,2000 and 2005 of Hebei Province, analyzed and summarized separately the evolution process of encircle the sea and the reclamation by using geographic information system technology. Then on the basis of it, we make evaluation and carry on the comparative analysis for the socio-economic and ecological benefits of environmental damage of the sea reclamation in 2005, by using the natural resource economics and the ecology method. Finally, we calculated weighted value of benefits for using different types of the sea reclamation by using AHP and the weighted sum method, had explored development and utilization of direction for the use types of the reclamation, and put forward the countermeasures of rational development and utilization.The results showed that:(1)During the 50 years from 1956 to 2005, the total area of the reclamation of Hehei Province is 43056.48hm2,in which the area of the encircled sea is 40050.03hm2, which occupies the total area of the reclamation of entire province 93.02%.The area of the filled sea is 3006.45hm2, which occupies 6.98%.The main types of reclamation includings mariculture, salt, transportation, mining, tourism and entertainment, fishing facilities , sewage dumping and so on.(2) The development of the reclamation has basically stabilized, and the development of reclamation are gradually expanding trend in Hebei Province. During the 5 years from 2000 to 2005, the area of the sea reclaimed is 1924.86hm2, is 1.78 times for the area of the sea reclaimed from 1956 to 2000.(3) The social and economic benefits through the sea reclamation is up to 302615.87 thousand yuan and environmental damage to the ecological benefits is 70622.14 thousand yuan.The value of social and economic benefits is about 4.29 times for the environmental damage to the ecological benefits under reclamation development.(4) The weighted value of benefits for using different types of the sea reclamation is larger than the value of encircle the sea (except the dumping of sewage), which ranks first in transport (the weighted value is 30.45 thousand yuan/hm2). (5) In order to achieve the maximize benefits for comprehensive development of the reclamation, we should appropriately control the scale of the reclamation. Meanwhile, we should take effective measures to weaken the negative impact on the development of the ecological environment, and promote the marine economy and the resources, environment coordinated development.