The Application And Research About "3S" Technology In Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Glacier Surveying And Mapping

In those countries at medium and low latitude, Chinese is one of countries in rich of glaciers, especially kop glacier. Thereinto the area of glaciers in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is nearly 50 thousand square kilometer, at 83 percent of the glaciers in the whole countries, so Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is primary glacier distributing region in our country. Tibet is regard as one of important region carried on Development of the West Regions. There are most developmental glaciers, including continent glaciers and most ocean glaciers. Accurate relief map and other mapping production are the foundation of developing glaciers and utilizing glaciers physiognomy. Therefore doing well in surveying and mapping glaciers is for the sake of the needs of various using map. It has a very important practical sense. But there landform is complexity, transport is inconvenient, climate conditions and geological characters are complex and changeful. So these conditions confronted mapping in altiplano glacier region with tremendous challenges.In past years, RS, GPS and GIS technology are developed quickly, and these technologies combined with actual surveying and mapping demand are carried on fundamental mapping work widely. But these technologies aren't used for mapping Qinghai-Tibet Plateau up to now. The writer of this paper studies Qinghai-Tibet Plateau glaciers systematically and fully by "3S" technology for the first time. By study, the writer realized the best seasons of mapping Qinghai-Tibet Plateau glaciers by aerophotography are summer and autumn; the best time is nearly at noon. At the same time, the writer putted forward a complete set of methods of mapping Qinghai-Tibet Plateau glaciers by "3S" technology on the basis of his experience, and found a new kind of glacier physiognomy—kop like "Esker. Composing components and extendable direction of these kinds of eskers in the mountains are different from in the continent. The continent glacier eskers are composed of stratified gravel, and on the surface of some eskers are often covered with moraines. But kop glacier eskers are almost composed of moraines and a little of gravel, and configuration is sparse. On the aspect of extendable direction, kop glacier eskers extended along mountaintop brink. But the continent glacier eskers extended along glacier flowing direction. All these detections enriched the researches of glacier physiognomy greatly.On the condition of complicated landform and atrocious weather in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau glacier area, "3S" technologies are applied to basal mapping there, this kind of method is favorable for basal construction of mapping plateau glacier subsequently.