Constraints On Dark Energy Models From Cosmological Observations

At the epoch of the precise cosmology, in order to interpret the accelerating expansion of our universe and understand the quality of dark energy (DE) people often consider from two cases: theoretical mechanism and constraints from the cosmic observations. In this thesis, by using the a model independent method we mainly focus on the reconstruction of cosmological quantities from recent cosmic observations in the frameworks of a four-dimension standard cosmology and a five-dimension bounce cosmology, respectively. Firstly, we briefly introduce the elementary theory of the modern cosmology and the standard model. Then several cosmological observations, dark energy models, and the methods of reconstruction of cosmological model are reviewed. Furthermore, the parameterized equations of state of dark energy and the deceleration parameters are constrained from recent observations.At last, the using for the observation of gamma ray bursts with high redshift is discussed, and we introduce the methods of calibration by using cosmological constant model and type Ia Supernovae data. And the difference between two methods is compared, too.