Biodiversity Of Microbes From Three Acidic Mine Water And Their Interfacial Interactions

In the paper, there were six acid mine water samples collected from Dongxiang Copper Mine (in Jiang-xi province), Yinshan Lead-zinc Mine (in Jiang-xi province) and Yunfu Sulfide mine (in Guang-dong province). The samples of Yinshan Lead-zinc Mine, named as samples D1, DY and D3 in the paper, were obtained from three different bioleaching systems. The sample of Dongxiang Copper Mine was also from a bioleaching system, named as sample DX in the paper. The remaining two samples from Yunfu Sulfide mine were acid mine drainage (AMD) samples, named as samples G1 and G2 in the paper.Bacteria and archaea in the six acid mineral water samples were studied by the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) method. There were 39 kinds of bacteria detected from the six samples. The 39 kinds of bacteria were grouped into six divisions according to the phylogenetic analysis of 39 bacterial 16S rDNA gene sequences. They were Nitrospira , Firmicutes , Actinobacteria , Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. In the four bioleaching samples, the organisms of genera Leptospirillum, Acidithiobacillus and Sulfobacillus, of the divisions Nitrospira, Gammaproteobacteria and Firmicutes respectively were the dominant bacteria. In the other two AMD samples, the organisms of divisions Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria (especially the genus Acidithiobacillus in this division) were the dominant. The results also suggested that the elements of copper and arsenic may be the key factors to affect the composition of bacterial communities in all samples.Among the six acid mineral water samples, archaea was only detected in the four bioleaching samples. There were 6 kinds of archaea detected, which belonged to the genera Ferroplasma and Thermoplasma. The results suggested that archaea seemed to prefer the environments with high element concentrations, especially the high concentrations of elements iron, copper and sulphur.After the samples cultivated with different energies, microbial communities of them were analyzed by Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR) method. The reaction system and program of the ERIC-PCR method on the acid mineral water samples were optimized. The results showed that the microbial communities of samples were much different while they were cultivated with different energies. It also suggested that the more similar the compositions of the energies used for sample cultivation were, the more similar the microbial communities were.That the microbes in two AMD samples from Yunfii Sulfide mine acted on pyrite blocks was studied by Florescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) method. The results showed that pyrite block surface was corrupted badly with microbes. And the bacteria on the pyrite block surface were mainly Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans.