Response Of The Water System In Karst Regions To Environmental Changes And Its Sources Or Sinks For Atmospheric CO₂

On the earth, carbonatite is the largest inorganic carbon reservior and it responds to the global changes are an important subject in scientific field. As we know, Karst water in Karst areas are sensitive to the changes of climate and environment. Therefore, understanding the contributions of different environmental conditions in Karst water system to the sources or sinks of atmospheric CO₂ is the key to study the responses of carbonatite to global changes.The former had studied Karst water from the equilibrium constant of thermodynamics. Another thermodynamic way to research into Karst water system was the Gibbs free energy, which was used in this study (calcite for example). We built the chemical equilibriums of Karst water system and established the multi-parameter equation of Karst water by the program Mathematic. The results showed that:First, the variance significance analysis demonstrated that, it was a effective method to study SI_c and pco₂ of Karst water by Gibbs free energy, and it could apply to research in any Karst water.Second, we studied Karst water that responded to the changes of environments. with the changing of temperature (7) or pressure (p) or ion intensity (I) or pH and the existing or not of ion pairs in Karst water system, which were important for Karst water. Especially for pH.Third, in this paper we studied 140 groups of water in different Karst regions in the world (rivers, streams, lakes, springs, groundwaters, etc.)by Gibbs free enery way, and according to SI, ? determining the relationships between Karst waters and the sources or sinks of the atmospheric CO₂. It was showed that, (1) Rivers, streams, lakes and cave dripping waters in the existing environment were releasing CO₂, which were the sources of atmospheric CO₂ indirectly. (2) Groundwaters in the existing environmental conditions became the sinks of atmospheric CO₂ indirectly. (3) Springs in the existing environmental conditions partly became the sources of atmospheric CO₂ indirectly, and partly were the sinks of the atmospheric CO₂ indirectly.Last, in 1993 and the scope of 2002 and 2005, SI_c in Hong feng lake has been calculated and we analyzed its change tendency. (1) According to monitoring pH of 1993 and the recent years (2002 2005), in Hong feng lake the major tendency of pH dropped gradually. (2) In every June of 1993 and 2002 2005 year SI_c in Hong feng lake dropped gradually. This change was consistent with pH in Hong feng lake during the above years. In Hong feng lake SI_c was just in June 1993, when it was June 2005, it transformed the negative value. This indicated in Hong feng lake the calcite changed between deposition and dissolution.Our research indicated that, we could dicuss the Karstification in theory by Gibbs free energy, and studied response of Karst water to the different Karst environments in the example research. Specially for researching into that acid rain impacted on the Karst water system. Therefore, it...