Molecular Evolution And Phylogenetic Analysis Of Some Species Of Arcypteridae (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acriodidea) Based On Partial Sequence Of Mitochondrial 16S RRNA Gene

Arcypteridae is a family in Acridoidea (Orthopera: Caelifera). In China, it includes 47 genera 223 species. Researches on controlling over plague of locusts were of great significance on agriculture. However, studies on molecular phylogeny of Chinese Arcypteridae are rather few, and a comprehensive phylogeny is lacking. Here we report a phylogenetic analysis of Chinese band-winged grasshoppers based on DNA sequence of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. All sequences were aligned using software ClustalX(1.8) , and molecular phylogenetic tree were reconstructed using software package MEGA2.1 and PHYLIP3. 6a. The goals of our study were to better resolve the phylogenetic relationships among Chinese band-winged grasshoppers and investigate the effectiveness of 16S rRNA gene sequences for reconstructing the phylogeny of Arcypteridae. Through sequences analysis, the result shows:1. The average content of A, T, G, C of 16SrRNA gene sequences of 25 species are 31.1%, 38. 3%, 18. 2%, 12. 4% respectively. And A+T content is 69.4%, G+C content is 30.6%, which shows a strong A+T bias. Fragments of 16S rRNA gene of 26 taxa showed patterns, typical of many insects, such as high A+T content and variable distance-dependent transition/transversion (TS/TV).2. Among the nucleotide substitution of the sequences, transition is just a little higher than transversion (TS/TV=1. 2). Most transition occurs between A and G, transversion has the bias of A—T too;But, the average transition and transversion ratio of loop data is 0.5. Transversion is a little higher than transition. Sequence substitution saturation analysis indicates that the substitution of loop data is part of saturated.3. Genetic distances show that the distance among the species of the same genus is the smallest. For example, the distance between Ceracris fasciata fasciata and Ceracris nigricornis nigricorn is 0.002, the distance between Chorthippus albonemus and Chorthippu hsiai is 0. Distances amongthe genera of Arcypteridae ranged from 0.100 to 0. 060, bigger than distances among species of the same genus. The distance between ingroup and outgroup is the biggest one (0.122~0.154).4. The phylogenetic relationship of Arcypteridae concluded by this study is that:?The monophyly of Arcypteridae is not supported by phylogenetic trees,?The monophyly of the subgenus Ceracrinae does not support in all analysises, However, the sampled species of Ceracrinae are limited in this study, further study needed.?The relationships among Arcypterinae genera can be described as: ( ( Stauroderus ( Omocestus, Euchorthippus ) Stenobothrus ) Chorthipps ) (Ptygonotus, Saxetophilus) ( (Arcyptera,Pararcyptera) Ceracris)o?Chorthipps is not supported as a monophyletic group. The further study will be done about the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Chorthipps, spec'es relationships of which are complicated.5. Sequence divergences within these Arcypteridaeindicate that 16SrRNA still has some limits at family and generic levels in phylogenetic.