Genetic Divergence Of Paa Species In Guangxi And Phylogeny Of Different Groups In The Genus Paa

The genus Paa is subordinated to the Ranidae of the order Anura of Amphibian. The genus Paa mainly distributes in Southeast Asia, South Asia and tropics, subtropics of Chinese Qinlin Mountains'south. There are 29 species of the genus Paa in the world, the animals'distribution is east to Chinese coast, west to Afghanistan and Pakistan, south to Viet Nam and Burma, north to the Himalayas Mountains and Qinlin Mountains. There are 21 species of the genus Paa in China, their distribution is east to Fujian and Zhejiang, west to Xizang and Yunnan, south to Guangdong and Guangxi, north to Qinlin Mountains, but no distribution in Taiwan and Hainan. Because the genus Paa is the foundation of the study of system relations of the Ranidae, therefore it has significant scientific research value in the study of amphibian's evolution and its geographic distribution. At the same time, as the transition animal of the vertebrate, the genus Paa is ideal experimental species in study of dissection, heredity, embryonic development and bio-engineering.Most of the research on Paa in the past focused on morphological Taxonomy. There are a few reports involved in their distribution, physiology, embryo, biochemistry and cell heredity. But there are few studies on molecular systematic were reported. The study takes the Paa that have been recognized in Guangxi as objects. We study their molecular systematic by discussing the kinship and class status of them. by amplifying and sequencing their partial sequences of mitochondrial gene fragments(12SrRNA, 16SrRNA and cytochrome b), and analyzing these data with software(including ClustalX1.83,MEGA3.1,PAUP 4.0 b10,MrBayes3.0b4). Based on the Paa groups that had been divided by Fei Liang in 2005, we use MrBayes3.0b4 software to analyze 973bp sequence in 12SrRNA and 16SrRNA gene and discuss the kinship of the different groups in the genus Paa. The results of this study provided some new information and science spectacles for molecular systematic, enriching and perfecting Paa molecular systematic, settling a basement for the studying molecular systematic of Paa.The phylogenetic trees of the Paa that have been recognized in Guangxi constructed by MP,ML, NJ and BI method showed that: to construct tree for the same gene sequence by different methods had nearly the same effect ,and to construct tree for different gene sequences by the same method had some difference. From phylogenetic trees, we can see that the Paa that have been recognized in Guangxi can be divided into three branches: Paa spinosa population, Paa boulengeri population and Paa shini population. Moreover, the kinship among bodies of a species is related to the distance of their geographical distribution, which is fit for their weak remove ability.The phylogenetic tree of the Paa (include samples 32 of 11 species from China) constructed by BI method using Rana tigrina and Hylarana adenopleura as outgroup. These experimental results showed that:1. The genus Paa is a monophyletic group with highly support.2. Our results didn't support the view that divided the genus Paa into three genera.3. Our results didn't support the view that divided Paa shini into Paa boulengeri group.4.Acording the result, we suggested that Paa exilispinosa is the same species to Paa spinosa.