Sequence Variation Of Hox Gene And Phylogenetic Relationships Of Artemia

The　brine　shrimp　Artemia　is　normally　restricted　to　saline　inland　lakes　and　coastal　salterns.　It　belongs　to　Crustasea,　Branchiopoda,　Anostacea,　Artemidae　and　Artemia.At　least　six　bisexual　species　and　mangy　parthenogenetic　species　are　currently　recognized　in　Artemia.The　six　bisexual　species　are:　A.franciscana,　A.persimilis,　A.monica,　A.urmiana,　A.tunisiana,　A.sinica.The　parthenogenetic　species　are　defined　as　one　spesie:　A.parthenogenetica.With　the　development　of　molecular　biology,　Phylogenetic　Relationships　has　become　attractive　in　population　and　evolutionary　genetics.　Using　the　well-known　PCR　techniques,　it　was　the　first　time　that　the　partial　abdA　and　Dfd　gene　sequences　were　amplified　and　sequence　respectively　from　eleven　strains　Artemia　of　bisexual　species　and　ten　strains　Artemia　of　parthenogenetic　species.　The　DNA　sequences　were　analyzed　with　the　MEGA　and　Clustal　programs　Selected　outgroup　was　Oecophylla　Longinoda.To　Dfd　gene,Nereis　was　selected　as　outgroup.　The　304bp　DNA　sequences　of　thea　bdA　gene　from　these　species　were　obtained,　in　which　31variable　sites　were　identified　without　insertions　or　deletions　and　Dfd　gene　sequence　is　401base　which　including　23　variant　sites.The　percentage　of　sequnce　variation　of　the　Hox　gene　abdA　gene　was0.008 ～0.080,but0.000～0.043of　Dfd　gene.　Abda　genes　of　ten　　strains　Artemia　of　parthenogenetic　species　were　also　304bp　including　30　variable　sits,the　percentage　of　sequnce　variation　of　the　Hox　gene　abdA　gene　was　0.04～0057.We　also　assayed　abdA　gene　from　ten　strains　Artemia　of　bisexual　species,　which　30variable　sites　were　identified　without　insertions　or　deletions.　The　cluster　analysis　revealed　that　those　of　eleven　strains　of　Artemia　of　bisexual　species　are　divided　four　species.　A　first　group　contains　two　American　populations　all　belonging　to　A.franciscana.　A　second　specie　is　A.persimilis.There　is　closely　relationship　between　A.franciscana　and　A.persimilis　.The　popultions　from　Tibet　are　close　to　each　other,　and　the　strain　from　Kazahstan　has　closely　relationship　with　Iibet.As　well　as,　the　strain　from　Urmia　Lake,　Iran　was　closed　to　Tibet　and　Kazahstan.The　populations　from　Inner　Mongolia　are　close　to　each　other　and　the　strain　from　Yuncheng　has　closely　relationship　with　them.　We　also　studied　ten　strains　Artemia　of　parthenogenetic　species.　The　cluster　analyses　revealed　that　those　of　ten　strains　were　divided　into　two　lineages　.The　first　lineage　contains　specie　of　inner　mainland.　The　second　lineage　includes　littoral　strain　.In　the　first　lineage　strains　of　Xinjiang　and　Qinghai　are　closed,　then　has　the　close　relationship　with　the　other　three　inner　mainlandstrains.　Key　words:　Artemia;abdA　gene;Dfd　gene;Molecular　evolution...