Studies Of Cytomorphology And Special Proteins On Sex Differentation In Gymnocladus Dioicus (L.)K.Koch

Gymnocladus dioicus K. (Kentucky coffeetree) is a large deciduous tree with unisexual flowers, which are good research materials for sexual differentiation. Researches from cytomorphology, cytohischemstry and analyses of special proteins on both male and female flowers in different developmental stages were systemly reported in this paper. The sex differentiation process of Kentucky coffeetree first undergo a vengetative stage, then a bisexual stage, finally unisexuality by means of the reduction or abortion of inappreciate sex organ primordial.With the cytomorphological and anatomical observation of different phases alabastrum and flowers in female and male, the inflecting course of from bisexual flower to unisexual flower was observed during the whole sexual differentiation process. At first 8 days of alabastrum formed, no different apparently between female and male flowers. At time of 5mm length of alabatrum, the miosis in microsporecyte and the sex differentiation was found, thus in female flowers, pollen mother cell showed a abnormal meiose then the pollen cells gradually disintegrated, final, contabescence had taken, and in male flowers, the stamen normally developed. The proandry was about a week, at the generatun of a abnormal development, and nucellere cell dead and disintegrated and in female flowers, the pistil had a normal developed.Using cytohischemical staining methods, with the results of comparison the dynamics of proteins and polysaccharides in the anthe wall cells and colule cells of different developmental phases in female and male flowers, the anormogenesis of anther tapetum in the inflecting phase of from bisexual flower to unisexual flower was observed. In microspore developed phase, the tapetum functions of preserving and transportingmutritive material for microspore development and of secreting callosal enzyme for decompositing callosal cell lost no normal guadrant formed, of being abnormal meiose of pollen mother cells, and then, the stamen aborted selectively in female flowers and pistil in male flower.It was reported the results of comparison of the total protein compositions of in anthers of female and male flowers, using two dimensonal electrophosis (IEF-SDS\PAGE)methods, and found out two specific protein sports(Al,32.9kd;Bl,17.7kd) related with the male differentiation. This result suggested that Al protein was the endemic in normal development stamens and maybe a produce of specific gene in anther tapetum, and B1 protein affected the development of stamens in female flower and maybe a important protein leading contabescence.