Study On The Spatial Distribution And Biodiversity Of Vegetation In Wuzhumuqin Basin

Wuzhumuqin Basin wetland is a typical wetland derived from the arid and the semi-arid river and lake of internal flow in Inner Mongolia. In this paper, the acreage, vegetation types and distributions, the inter-relationship between vegetation and soil factors, biodiversity and so on are studied. The main conclusions are as folio wings:The acreage and vegetation of wetlands in Wuzhumuqin Basin are investigated elaborately using 3S technology. The map of vegetation types of wetland in Wuzhumuqin Basin is drawn. The statistic results show that theacreage wetland in Wuzhumuqin Basin is 9160.982 km2 , which is 13.1 percentage of the gross acreage. The classification of vegetation types are as followings: (1)riverside Betula platyphylla marsh (2)riverside Salix shrub marsh (3) Phragmites australis marsh (4) Scirpus tabernaemontani+Scirpus triqueter marsh (5) Carex appendiculata marsh (6) Agrostis gigantea, Carex and forbs meadow (7) Agrostis gigantea, Carex and forbs meadow + Puccinillia tenuiflora saline meadow (8) Carex enervis meadow (9) Achnatherum splendens saline meadow (10) Iris lacteal var. chinensis saline meadow (11) Puccinillia tenuiflora saline meadow (12) Puccinillia tenuiflora + Iris lacteal var. chinensis saline meadow (13) Puccinillia tenuiflora + Suaeda glauca saline meadow (14) Suaeda glauca saline plant cluster (15) Suaeda glauca saline plant cluster+Puccinillia tenuiflora saline meadow.The phenomenon of zonal distribution of vegetation in Wuzhumuqin Basin wetland is obvious. The paper reveals that the vegetation of wetland has the characteristic of sourceward zonation and shoreward zonation, namely thevegetation differentiation from river source to river end and from water body, shore to rank terra respectively. The former one which is called sourceward zonation which is related with erosional datum plane of river, while the latter one called shoreward zonation which reflects the interrelation between vegetations and the moisture.The overground biomass of the community in wetland has the positive correlation with contents of soil Ca2+ and effective phosphor distinctly.Wuzhumuqin Basin wetland is abundant in plant species, including 52 families, 204 genera, 459 species. Compositae is the biggest family there , which contains 31 genera and 77species in all. In addition, there are three new species which are Salix wilhelmsiana, Lathyrus pratensis and Allium ledebourianum var. maximowiczii.Plants in Wuzhumuqin Basin wetland are mainly perennials which account for 68 percentage of the gross species. The semic-plants are the most one in moisture biological type, which have 245 species ,according for 53 percentage of the gross species. Wet- semic-plants occupy the second one, which contain 66 species, according for 14 percentage of the gross species. Wetland plants mainly are semic-plants and wet- semic-plants which grow in wet meadows in hirsts. The biodiversity is quite high. The flora geographical components of plant species in Wuzhumuqin Basin wetland can be divided into 19 types, among which the laurasia is the most one.Animals in wetland are rich. The average diversity of animal species in Wuzhumuqin Basin is 0.0036 per km2, while the diversity of wetland is 0.0096 per km2, which is 2.8 times more than that of basin and 3.6 times more than that of other areas.