Self Reference Image Hologram

Holography was one of the most important physical inventions in the last century. The British scientist Dennis Gabor brought the principle of holography firstly in 1948. Gabor put forward a method that can record both amplitude and phase of the original wave simultaneously, and the recording system had been adopted in-line holography. The true image and the conjugate image of this hologram couldn't be separated. This is the first generation holograph. Aided by an abundance oT the new coherent laser light and extended by a number of technological advances, Leith and Upatnieks produced the off-axis hologram recorded and reconstructed by laser in 1962. The twin images can be separated in this hologram. This is the second generation holograph. Since the hologram reconstructed by laser loses the hue information, Benton produced two-step rainbow holography in 1969, which gave the hologram vivid colors. This is the third generation holograph. The high relativity of lasers limits the actual applications of the holographic technique, they began to probe the forth generation hologram recorded and reconstructed as well by white light. This can make the holography to walk out of the dark laboratory with antivibration arrangement and enter into the extensive utility fields.Now, the precise and systematic theory of the holography has been built. According to the previous studies a new technique for recording hologram is proposed in this thesis. The recording system has been formed as in-line holography and only a single beam is used for recording, so an antivibration arrangement is not required. The reference beam comes from the object wave itself and image of the object is formed by a lens on the plane of the holographic plate, therefore the hologram is named self reference image hologram. While the recording results are the off-axis holograms and the twin images can be separated successfully. Clear three-dimensional images have been successfully reconstructed by this method. The recording and reconstruction can be performed with incoherent light. The principle is discussed briefly and demonstrated experimentally.The work of this thesis has four parts: in the first part, we will describe completely the developing history of optical holography and analyze its formation geometrically,moreover we also introduce the physical process of the recording and reconstruction of the hologram, and use the simple mathematical formulas to describe it. In the second part, we introduce the formative processes, the optical geometries and the mathematical descriptions of several typical holograms particularly: the in-line holograph, the off-axis holograph, the image holograph, the rainbow holograph and the volume holograph. In the third part, we give the theoretical deduction and the experiment setup of the two self reference image holograms of the original objects illuminated by coherent light. In the last part, we give the theoretical deduction and the experiment setup of the two self reference image holograms of the original objects illuminated by incoherent light, the principle is alike with the former. We also give their black-and-white photographs of the reconstruction images.This method has some characters: During recording of the transmissive holograms the holographic grating placed in front of the holographic plate closefittingly is used as a spectroscope. The transmissive wave is served as the object wave and the diffraction wave through the holographic grating or the deflective reflect wave produced by the silicon slice is served as the reference wave, therefore the hologram is named as self-reference image hologram. The recording results are the off-axis holograms and the twin images can be separated successfully. We also give their black-and-white photographs of the reconstruction images, which are bright and clear and represent the characters of the original objects.The results indicate: The method of recording holograms proposed in this thesis is feasible. The recording and reconstruction can be performed by...