Studies On Biological Active Compounds From Hericium Erinaceus And Molccular Detection Of Hericium Species

Hericium erinaceus is a kind of precious medicinal and edible mushroom, which belongs to Eukaryota, Basidiomycota, Hymenomycetes, Hericiales, Hericiaceae, Hericium. It not only could be used as the medicine to treat gastritis, gastric ulcer, tumor and so on, but also be effective to eliminate undigested and regulate gastroenteric function. It is commonly thought that the main active compounds in Hericium erinaceus are polysaccharide, polypeptide and fatty-acyl substances. Although many studies had focused on polysaccharide, it was reported that manifold active compounds, but not any single composition, take effect jointly in its unique medicinal efficacy. Therefore, it should be important to make further study on medicinal active compounds in Hericium erinaceus. For these reasons, we made detail investigations on sterols, adenosine, fatty acid, and mineral elements in HTos mycelia, which were collected from Chang-bai mountain, China. Furthermore, preliminary phylogenetic analysis and PCR-based sensitive detection of Hericium were made based on its internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA.This thesis includes two chapters consist of four parts as follows.[ 1 ] Studies on adenosine etc. composition with medicinal effects of hericium erinaceus and its pharmaceutical productsTo study the pharmaceutical chemical basis of the different medicinal effects, we mainly compared and analyzed the sterols in Hericium erinaceus mycelia and its ethanol extract, water extract derived from solid fermented mycelia. The components of Hericium erinaceus mycelia and two kinds of extracts were compared by some biochemical methods such as GC, RP-HPLC, etc. Sterol composition in Hericium erinaceus mycelia was determined using GC-mass spectrometry. The content of crude polysaccharide, water-soluble protein and fatty acid of ethanol extract showed no obvious advantage over its water extract. However, there was significant difference between two kinds of extract in the content of sterols. And ergostane derivatives, P -sitosterol and C2g sterol with four bonds were detected as the major sterols inHericium erinaceus mycelia, among which ergosterol was the principal sterol. Sterols of Hericium erinaceus exist mainly in ethanol extract. And three sterols are found for the first time form Meridian erinaceus, which are ergostane derivatives, P -sitosterol and C^g sterol with four bonds .[2] A comparative study on sterols of ethanol extract and water extract from Hericium erinaceusTo study the composition with medicinal effects of Hericium erinaceus, we mainly analyzed the adenosine in Hericium erinaceus using TLC and HPLC. In addition, the general component and mineral elements were determined. The results showed that Hericium erinaceus contained high content of adenosine, which was also found in solid fermented culture of Hericium erinaceus, Weilening extract and tablet. The order of adenosine content of them was extract>tablet>solid fermented culture. And in the same samples the content of adenosine of different batch remained stable. The major components of Weilening extract were crude polysaccharide, crude protein and ash content. It also contained lots of mineral elements.[3] Bioactive compounds of Hericium erinaceus and it's phelogenetic relationships based on ribosomal ITS sequencesIn order to lay a theoretic foundation for defining classified status of new-come edible or medicinal fungi, and to provide important clue for further exploration of the active compounds. ITS sequences of HTos and other Hericium species were analyzed, and sixty-four ITS sequences of Homobasidiomyetes obtained from Genbank were used to perform a preliminarily phylogenetic analysis for Hericium. A low level of variation of ITS sequences was found in our sequences analysis of Hericium, which not fully accord with the previous views. In the phylogenetic tree, 1 1 groups were assembled from 64 strains of Homobasidiomycetes. Except group 4 and 9 containing the stains belong to different class and group 8 including the strain...