| An important basis to analyze the stability of the rock is the research of rock deformation and failure process. The plexiglass plate has the same nature with rock which is the internal structure of uneven. So we can study the plexiglass to simulate the failure process of the rock. In this article, we introduce the basic principles of real-time holography and the measurement of small deformation of object with the use of real-time holography. We use real-time digital holography to design and contribute a system used for the measurement of small deformation of the plexiglass plate which has a lateral compression. The continuous deformation process of the plexiglass plate in video file is captured by this system. And then we use MATLAB to deal with this video file. So we can gain the change of phase with the use of least squares phase unwrapping. Finally we analyze the test result to gain the process of stress field change and complete a simulated rock fission process.The main work of this paper is as follows:1. Using real-time digital holographic method to measure the process, can not affect the real-time circumstances, at the same time eliminating the need for real-time holographic necessary chemical treatment process, which simplifies the testing process and the optical path, reducing demands on the environment, and to facilitate the digital image processing. The final paper with test results proved that real-time digital holographic method and feasibility.2. During the test data-processing process, we analyze the video file and gain the process of change that the plexiglass plate in the lateral pressure will be. We use median filter and the least square method to gain the phase diagram of the object.3. A real-time digital holographic interferometry measurement of three-dimensional objects in the calculation of small deformation is supported in this paper, which provides a feasible means for quantitative analysis of test date.
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