Studies On The Landscape Changes And Protection Of The Yellow River Estuary Wetland Based On The Long-term Regional Land Use Planning

Wetland, forest and sea are called three ecosystems on the earth. The study on wetlands has become an emphasis subject and study field because of vital importance in the healthy development of the earth's environment. However, in recent decades, the wetland has become the resources and environment hot research field, because of the serious ecological environment problems which caused by the large and excessive reclamations.At present, scholars have been paid more and more attention in the wetland area shrink and landscape pattern change, but research report on the wetland evaluation in the land use planning impact is relatively small at home and abroad. Based on wetland resources survey, this paper take KenLi County which is located at the downstream of the Yellow River as a research object, standing on 2005-2020 data on land use planning, using GIS spatial analysis, abstracts the wetland change information. By making use of landscape pattern indices, land use change model, etc, reveals the changes characteristics of different wetland types in Kenli County, and analyzes the pattern of wetland landscape changes in the driving forces. According to the threat which the construction land expanded to the wetland of Kenli County in the next 15 years, this paper analyzes the potential risk of wetland loss and puts forward the coordination of land use planning and wetland protection measures, thereby, to provide a scientific basis for Rational distribution of land for construction and Yellow River estuary wetland protection. The results show that:(1)During 2005-2020,the wetland landscape area in KenLi county increase and decrease is larger, the wetland types' conversion and the wetland,non-wetlands between more and more complex. In 2005, the wetland area is 46.32% of the total research area. But accounted for 41.81 percent by 2020 in the plan, a total of 15 years to reduce 10473.27hm2, the average annual reduction 698.22hm2. Conversion between the various types of wetlands from the point of view, between the various wetland, wetlands and non-wetlands exist between transformation and reversal.(2)By using the Fragstats, this paper analysis SHDI.SHEI,DIVISION, etc more than 8 indices to compare the landscape changes between 2005 and the next 15 years'. The results shows that, At the landscape level, SHDI decrease, SHEI increase, which can reflect the discrete degree and increasing fragmentation of the wetland landscape; at the patches level:all kinds of wetland show different degree of change, such as NP,PD increase,CA,PAFRAC decrease, which show the trend of fragmentation, among which the natural wetlands,irrigation and drainages'changes show more serious.Furthermore, the landscape changes have different effects on the wetland landscape ecological. This paper discusses two major aspects:one is the quality of the wetland ecological environment lowered; the other is the wetland edge effect increased. According to the landscape indices changes and landscape ecological effect, this paper mainly analyzed the driving force of the wetland landscape change on the aspects of the population, economic and social development, market mechanism, etc.(1)The increasing construction land amplitude has an important influence on the decrease of the wetland area. Through the analysis, the wetland area in high-risk is 17024.45hm2, the low-risk is 29846.89hm2,the non-risk is 60626.46 hm2; the overall loss of the wetland has high potential risk.(2)According to analyze appraisal result to know:influenced factor of wetland ecosystem health to have the wetland own ecology process and the humanity mobilization. It is nearly impossible to completely restore the wetland ecological environment of the Yellow River delta already to suffer the destruction. Therefore, this paper take the comprehensive consideration of the new general land use planning, make solutions of the Yellow River delta wetland ecosystem health recover:rational planning and scientific management; implement the wetland protection planning; strengthen the wetland vegetation restoration and reconstruction; establish wetland ecosystem dynamic monitoring system; establish and perfect the wetland protection laws and regulations; strengthen the wetland research and education promotion.