Research On The Influence Of Non-cognitive Ability On Residents’ Income Mobility

Social income mobility is the basis of maintaining healthy and sustainable social and economic development.A fair and just society needs to maintain a high social income mobility to ensure an upward channel,so that people can believe that individual efforts and hard work can achieve self-development and get opportunities to change their destiny.Traditional human capital theory takes education as the core,and holds that education plays an important role in social income mobility.Improving individual education level is conducive to promoting social income mobility.The new human capital theory focuses on ability,which includes cognitive ability and non-cognitive ability.It is found that individual’s non-cognitive ability has an important influence on individual’s education level,career choice and income.What about the influence of individual’s non-cognitive ability on social income mobility?Both theoretical and empirical analysis believe that the higher an individual’s non-cognitive ability is,the higher his education level and income level may be.Therefore,it is believed that the improvement of individual’s non-cognitive ability is likely to promote the mobility of social income.Intra-generational income mobility is one of the important indicators to reflect social income mobility.Intra-generational income mobility refers to the changes of individual income levels and strata in different periods,reflecting the relative changes of individual income among groups living in the same period,especially the relative improvement of individual income levels and strata.The higher the intra-generational income mobility,the more opportunities individuals face,and the easier it is for individuals to rise from the low-income class to the high-income class.Intergenerational mobility is another important indicator to measure the mobility of social income,and the level of intergenerational mobility can reflect the level of social mobility and the fairness of opportunities.Intergenerational mobility refers to the mobility of social classes between two generations.It is generally believed that if the social class gap between the two generations is large,the social mobility is high.There are three ways to measure social intergenerational mobility,that is,intergenerational education mobility,intergenerational occupational mobility and intergenerational income mobility,which respectively reflect the changes of education level,occupational level and income level between the father and the son,and can reflect the social income mobility to a certain extent.Whether it is intergenerational mobility of education or occupational mobility,the final result is income mobility,so the intergenerational income mobility performance reflects the social income mobility more comprehensively.According to the new human capital theory,this paper first studies the influence of non-cognitive ability on income,and then studies the influence of non-cognitive ability on income mobility from the perspectives of intra-generation and inter-generation.The main work is as follows:Firstly,the research status of new human capital theory and income mobility is reviewed and analyzed,and the intergenerational income mobility theory is sorted out,and a mathematical model is established to study the influence of non-cognitive ability on income mobility,and the influence of non-cognitive ability on intergenerational income mobility and its mechanism are analyzed.Secondly,non-cognitive ability is measured by the Big Five personality standard,and the income effect of non-cognitive ability is empirically analyzed according to the data of China Family Tracking Survey(CFPS)in 2018.It is found that non-cognitive ability represented by openness and emotional stability has a significant impact on income.The higher the openness and emotional stability,the higher the income.Improving individual’s non-cognitive ability is beneficial to the improvement of individual’s income level,and non-cognitive ability has significant income effect.Furthermore,the change of non-cognitive ability income rate from 2010 to 2018 is compared and analyzed,and it is found that in 2018,the income rate of individual non-cognitive ability has increased.Thirdly,from the intra-generational perspective,this paper studies the influence of non-cognitive ability on intra-generational income mobility.Using the data of CFPS2018-CFPS2020,it is found that the non-cognitive ability represented by openness has a significant impact on intra-generational income mobility.Improving the openness of individuals will increase the probability of "counterattack" of low-income groups,promote the intra-generational income mobility of individuals,and help improve the social income mobility.The results of heterogeneity analysis show that there are gender differences,urban-rural differences,regional differences and unit nature differences in the influence of non-cognitive ability on intra-generational income mobility.Finally,from the perspective of intergenerational income,this paper examines the influence of non-cognitive ability on intergenerational income mobility.Using CFPS2018 data,the empirical study found that non-cognitive ability also has a significant impact on intergenerational income mobility.Improving individual non-cognitive ability will reduce the intergenerational impact of father’s income on children’s income and improve the intergenerational income mobility of society.The results of heterogeneity analysis show that there are gender differences,urban-rural differences,regional differences,unit nature differences and family background differences,and only men,individuals from towns,eastern regions and low-income families,their non-cognitive abilities have a significant impact on intergenerational income mobility.The results of mechanism test show that non-cognitive ability can significantly improve intergenerational income mobility through health level effect,employment quality effect,skill bias effect and social capital effect.Generally speaking,according to the research results of this paper,people with high non-cognitive ability often have higher income;Improving non-cognitive ability can not only improve individual income level,but also promote intra-generation income and intergenerational income mobility,enhance social mobility and promote social fairness and justice.This shows that improving the individual’s non-cognitive ability is conducive to social harmony and stability and to the healthy development of the economy.The research done in this paper expands the research theme of competence in the new human capital theory and enriches the research content of intergenerational mobility,which has certain theoretical and practical significance.