Research On The Capitalist Mode Of Production In Capital

The ’Kingdom of Freedom’ was referred to by Marx’s opponents as the ’Utopia of Communism’,while Marx believed that Communism was a process of ’the movement of reality to eliminate existing conditions’.The ’Free Association’ is not a suspense of value,a historical fantasy,or a transcendence of time and space,but a scientific prediction made by grasping the laws of human history and capitalist history.Marx’s achievements not only lie in discovering the mysteries of capital and historically criticizing capitalist production methods,but also in discovering the "bridge"connecting the present and future-the proletariat,and thus opening up a practical path to a new society.The "Capital" embodies Marx’s social criticism and social construction ideas,known as the "Bible of the Working Class".It not only presents the complete picture of capitalist society,but also points out the trend of "the inevitability of iron acting and being realized".Capital "is Marx’s" great achievement in political economy ",which not only reveals the process of the generation,development,and extinction of capitalist production methods,but also demonstrates Marx’s ideological deduction process of grasping the fundamental laws of capitalist production methods through the developed" commodity kingdom "and the fanatical production world.It is the unity of capitalist development history and Marx’s ideological evolution history.In "Capital",Marx conducted a systematic and comprehensive study of the capitalist mode of production,including the "pre history",contemporary history,and future trends of the capitalist mode of production.He cracked the ideological "trap" of the "eternal" nature of the capitalist mode of production,and thus comprehensively demonstrated the overall characteristics of the capitalist mode of production.This study is based on the text of "Capital",drawing on and absorbing previous research results,and scientifically elucidating the concept of capitalist production mode in "Capital".On the basis of clarifying the concept,it studies capitalist production mode from four aspects: civilization,exploitation,contradiction,and historicity,thus forming a scientific understanding and overall reflection of capitalist production mode.Firstly,the capitalist mode of production possesses civilization.The capitalist mode of production dissolved the constraints of feudal social relations and established the "Garden of Freedom" and "Kingdom of Commodities";Promoted the establishment of the dominant position of the machine industry and achieved the "frenzy" of "modern productivity";Promoted the overall generation of capital civilization and accelerated the formation of world history.Secondly,the capitalist mode of production is exploitative.The establishment of a "free kingdom" under capitalist production methods is necessary for capital proliferation,and behind freedom lies an "invisible chain";The development of productive forces driven by the machine industry serves the proliferation of capital rather than the main body of labor,and the production process exhibits the characteristics of "de subjectivity" and labor alienation;Capital civilization not only brings new civilizations,but also intensifies the exploitation and destruction of backward countries by capital,resulting in a binary opposition among the main subjects of world history.Thirdly,the capitalist mode of production has contradictions.The contradiction of capitalist production methods is specifically reflected in three dimensions,namely the contradiction between unlimited expansion of production capacity and relative reduction of payment capacity,the contradiction between the infinite desire for capital proliferation and relative overpopulation,the contradiction between the continuous improvement of capital organic composition and the trend of declining average profit margin,and more specifically,the contradiction between overproduction,overpopulation,and capital.The contradiction of capitalist production methods determines their temporary nature.Fourthly,the capitalist mode of production has historical significance.The historicity of capitalist production methods,that is,the "continuity" of capitalist production methods,is manifested in: the relative independence of humans is the social prerequisite for "freedom and individuality",the developed modern productive forces are the material foundation for labor liberation,and the capitalist civilization form is the historical medium for the replacement of cultural forms."The great civilized role of capital" does not mean the absolute "good" of the capitalist mode of production,nor does "vampire" and "social plague" mean the absolute "evil" of the capitalist mode of production.Only by grasping the capitalist mode of production from the perspective of historical materialism can we form a comprehensive and scientific understanding and evaluation of it.The development of the times does not mean that "Capital" and Marxism are outdated,nor does the truth of Marxism mean that "Capital" and Marxism are eternal and closed.On the one hand,although the capitalist mode of production is constantly changing in its contemporary form,it has not deviated from Marx’s analysis and prediction;On the other hand,"Capital" and Marxism also need to constantly enrich and improve with the development of the times,in order to ensure the vitality of Marx’s ideological achievements.Therefore,the study of capitalist production methods in "Capital" has important theoretical and practical value.From the perspective of theoretical value,it is conducive to evaluating capitalist production methods on a scientific scale,grasping the development process of Marxist thought from a holistic perspective,and innovating Marxist theoretical achievements from a developmental perspective;From the perspective of practical value,it is conducive to breaking through the contemporary difficulties caused by capitalist production methods,making rational use of capitalist production methods,and building socialist civilization to surpass capitalist civilization.