Income Aspiration,Capital Investment And The Income Of Poverty-Alliviated Households

Poverty and inequality have always gone hand in hand in the development of human society and the eradication of widespread poverty and high and increasing inequality is at the heart of all development issues.Against the historical background of rising global inequality and the widening income gap between Urban and rural residents in China since 1984,the CPC and the state have always attached great importance to poverty.Especially since the18 th CPC National Congress,China has fully implemented the important idea of targeted poverty alleviation,and achieved the historic achievement of lifting all rural residents living below the current poverty line out of poverty in 2020.With the gradual elimination of the external constraints of poverty alleviation policies,the treatment of the psychological and spiritual internal constraints of poverty alleviation households has gradually become the focus of academic and policy research.Through reviewing relevant literature,it is found that income is the most core indicator of poverty,and the increase of income is usually accompanied by the investment of different types of capital.The level of capital investment is likely to be closely related to the level of people’s internal constraints,while income aspiration is one of the most representative variables to measure internal factors.Whether and how income aspiration can affect the income of the most disadvantaged groups who have been lifted out of poverty has become a practical problem that needs to be studied.This paper studies the influencing factors of income of poverty-alleviated households from the perspective of income aspiration and capital investment.Combining with the development trend of income distribution of poverty-alleviated households,it has important theoretical and practical significance to effectively break the internal constraints of poverty-alleviated households,improve the effect of capital investment,optimize the income distribution structure and achieve sustainable poverty reduction in the post-poverty era.Based on the aspiration to relevant theory,different genres of capital and income distribution theory,combing and analysis of the system,on the basis of existing literature and research results at home and abroad,to build the "income aspiration-capital investment-poverty-alleviated households income" of theoretical framework,in Qinba mountains concentrated destitute areas county,Zhouzhi county of Shaanxi province as a sample region,Based on the micro-survey data of 807 poverty-alleviated households,this paper empirically examines the impact of income aspiration and capital investment on the income of poverty-alleviated households.Firstly,the measurement of income aspiration is optimized by establishing a unified standard method,and different types of capital investment variables are measured according to the actual situation.Secondly,robust standard error regression and quantile regression are used to test the impact of income aspiration on the income of poverty-alleviated households,and its robustness is tested.Thirdly,robust standard error regression is used to test the impact of different types of capital investment on the income of different types of poverty-alleviated households.Fourthly,the paper empirically tests the two main paths through which income aspiration affects the income of poverty-alleviated households under the mediating effect of capital investment by using the mediation effect model,and tests the robustness and endogeneity of the paths around wage income by using the simultaneous equation model.Finally,on the basis of theoretical analysis and empirical test results,the paper systematically puts forward a package of suggestions on optimizing the income of poverty-alleviated households around the concept of "being sensitive to ambition but insensitive to endowment".The purpose of this study is to promote the effective linkage between national poverty alleviation and rural revitalization,and provide decision-making reference for the systematic promotion of preventing poverty return and common prosperity in the post-poverty era.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Under the effect of poverty reduction policies,the income of Rural residents in China has achieved a rapid growth with the development of the macro economy.The income growth of the poverty-alleviated households in the sample region has basically achieved an effective combination of fairness and efficiency,and the structure and nature of the income of the poverty-alleviated households need special attention.From the perspective of the situation of rural residents in China,due to the obvious gap in income base,the higher per capita disposable income growth rate of rural residents can hardly stop the trend of the widening gap between urban and rural income.The income gap between rural residents in poor areas and extremely poor areas is not big,but it is obviously lower than the average level of rural residents in China.Meanwhile,wage income has played a dominant role in the total income of rural residents in China.According to the situation of all the poverty-stricken households in the sample region,the poverty-stricken households have achieved an effective combination of fairness and efficiency in income growth.The effect of transfer payments and other policies has reversed the common phenomenon of "greater inequality under crisis",and the weakening of transfer payments is likely to cause new income differentiation among the poverty-alleviated households.The impact of income from different sources on the gini coefficient of total income of poverty-alleviated households is phased,and the proportion of itemized income to total income is the decisive factor of its contribution to total income inequality.Giving priority to income sources with the highest proportion is the key to improving the effectiveness of policy regulation.China’s poverty alleviation policy in the sample region has realized that different sources of income in different periods play the role of increasing income and driving and suppressing income inequality,which is an effective practice of common prosperity.Poverty situation,from the sample of poverty families all revenues accounted for pattern base and national rural residents and the sample area of poverty door close,salary income is dominant among groups,but the stability of income growth,from the point of government support to reduce the key household’s income gap with other poverty has played a more obvious role.(2)Income aspiration has a significant positive impact on both wage income and operating income and their growth rate,but there is no evidence that income aspiration has a positive causal relationship with property income and transfer income of poverty-alleviated households.It is found that there is a weak correlation between the perception of the real income of rural residents and their own income level,so it is necessary to avoid the reflection and reference of the income of the poverty-alleviated households in the measurement method,so that they can express their income aspirations under the same income framework.Income aspiration has a positive and significant impact on the total income,wage income and operating income of the poverty-alleviated households,and there is a causal relationship consistent with theory and intuition.However,there is a significant negative effect on property income and transfer income,which is different from the theory,indicating that the negative correlation between active income and passive income exceeds the potential positive causality.Income aspiration leads to the capture of poverty alleviation resources by the government and enterprises and the negative phenomenon of demanding money from others are falsified to a certain extent.The positive influence of cooperative organizations representing the private sector and key assistance representing the public sector on the growth rate of total income is always relatively stable,while other factors generally have no significant influence on the growth rate of total income.(3)Capital investment will significantly increase the proactive income of poverty alleviation households,and different types of capital investment variables have significant differences on different types of income.There are great differences in proxy variables of different human capital investment,and it is difficult to realize the income of education investment for the offspring in a short period of time or even negatively affect the income.Improving their own quality through family training is conducive to the increase of wage income,operating income and property income.The material capital investment,mainly agricultural input,only has a positive impact on the operating income of the poverty-alleviated households.Social capital investment has a positive impact on the proactive income of poverty alleviation households,but has no significant impact on property income and transfer income.(4)The theoretical framework of ‘income aspiration-capital investment-income of poverty alleviation households’ is mainly effective around wage income and operating income of poverty alleviation households,and the influence path around wage income is more stable.Firstly,income aspiration has a significant positive impact on human capital,physical capital and social capital.Secondly,through the intermediary effect model,salary income and operating income of different capital investment intermediary function test and comparison,the result shows that income is eager to impact on the salary income of the main path is to through the human capital investment to improve the quality of labor force,but in order to improve the workforce for more robust to the path of the mediation.Income aspiration promotes the quantity of material capital investment in agricultural production and operation,but the mediating effect of material capital investment is not stable.As an intermediary variable,social capital investment has a strong positive impact on the wage income and operating income of poverty-alleviated households.