Research On The Value Chain Upgrading Of Sichuan Manufacturing Industry

In recent years,a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation in the world has been developing vigorously,bringing new momentum to the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry.At the same time,countries around the world are re-emphasizing the real economy,and the development of the manufacturing industry has received great attention.Germany has launched the “Industry 4.0”strategy,France has proposed the “New Industrial France” strategy,European and American developed countries have proposed “returned to the manufacturing industry” to regain their competitive advantages,and India has launched the “Made in India” strategy.On the whole,the trend of mid-to-high-end manufacturing returning to developed countries has become more obvious.Emerging countries struggle to grab the low-end manufacturing industry.Emerging countries such as Southeast Asia make full use of their resource advantages to attract manufacturing migration.It is precisely in the urgent situation where opportunities and challenges coexist,that the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to speed up the construction of a manufacturing power and vigorously promote the industry to move towards the middle and high end of the global value chain.In this context,combined with the new development pattern of current dual-cycle and the new situation and new requirements of high-quality development,the manufacturing industry in the western region ushered in a golden period of development.On the one hand,it is possible to upgrade the traditional manufacturing industry,and on the other hand,it can also undertake the transfer of manufacturing industry from developed countries and regions.But at the same time,the manufacturing industry in western China is also facing many difficulties and challenges.As a“late-developing” region,although it could make use of the technology spillover effect of the “first-developing” region to speed up the development of manufacturing industry,it is easy to be restricted by developed countries and regions in terms of core technology and the driving force of industrial development,and falling into the trap of “low-end locking” and “high-end exclusion”.As one of the important provinces in Western China,Sichuan has a complete manufacturing system,and the added value of the manufacturing industry accounts for a large proportion of the country.It is an important manufacturing base in China.However,we must also be aware that the Sichuan’s manufacturing industry has many problems,such as poor industrial structure,insufficient momentum in independent innovation,incomplete supporting development,and weak competitiveness.The accompanying environmental pollution and overcapacity problems continue to highlight,and the traditional extensive development model is unsustainable.In the context of the continuous increase in factor costs caused by inflation,the increasingly obvious trend of anti-globalization,and the profound impact of the COVID-19,it is urgent to promote the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry,and the key breakthrough for the upgrading of the manufacturing industry is the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain.So,for Sichuan,what is the status of the manufacturing industry in the global value chain?What is the internal mechanism of the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain?What are the main internal and external factors that affect the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain? What is the effective path to upgrade the manufacturing value chain? These are all important issues that need to be studied urgently.Based on this,this article is carried out step by step and unfold one by one according to the research logic of “problem raising-literature combing-theoretical analysis-empirical test-policy recommendations”.First,combining the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,as well as the global manufacturing evolution trend,it analyzes the necessity and urgency of the current manufacturing value chain’s upgrading research,and clarifies the research object of this article.The second is to sort through relevant domestic and foreign research literature systematically,review the existing literature on the research results of the affecting factors of the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain,direction measurement,industrial integration impact,and upgrade path countermeasures,and comment on the contributions and deficiencies of existing research achievement,clarify the research direction of this article.Third,combining the theory of international division of labor and the theory of industrial upgrading,clearing the connotation of the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain,it deeply analyzes the mode and mechanism of manufacturing value chain upgrading from the two dimensions of embedded position and value-added capability,as well as internal and external factors,to provide a solid theoretical basis for this article.Fourth,based on the two most commonly used index measurements,the domestic value-added rate of exports and the upstream degree,the dual perspectives of“economic positioning” and “physical location” is used to examzine the typical facts of the development of Sichuan’s manufacturing value chain and division of labor status and degree of embeddedness in global value chain.Fifth,the dynamic panel model is used to empirically analyze the key internal and external factors that affect the upgrading of Sichuan’s manufacturing value chain,so as to reveal the impact mechanism of its division of labor status and embedded location changes.Sixth,go deeper into the two elements of labor and capital,it expands the measurement method of manufacturing value chain changes,examine the contribution of labor and capital in the development of Sichuan’s manufacturing value chain,and the influence mechanism of promoting the upgrading of division of labor in Sichuan’s manufacturing industry.Seventh,theoretically analyzing the internal mechanism of the interaction and integration of the producer service industry and the manufacturing industry to promote the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain,and use the input-output analysis method to conduct an empirical analysis of the industrial integration between the producer service industry and the manufacturing industry.Then empirically test the effect of Sichuan’s industrial integration development on the upgrading of manufacturing value chain in recent years.At the end,based on the results of theoretical analysis and empirical testing,targeted countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to clarify the research value of this article.Among them,the key research content and main conclusions are as follows:Firstly,from the dual perspectives of the division of labor status(economic positioning)and embedded position(physical location)in the value chain,the domestic value-added rate and upstream level of Sichuan manufacturing enterprises’ exports are measured.The study found that:(1)In terms of the division of labor status in the value chain,the domestic value-added capacity of Sichuan’s manufacturing industry has declined slightly,and the status of the value chain has also declined during the study of this paper.(2)In terms of the embedded position of the value chain,the most upstream and downstream industries of Sichuan’s manufacturing industry are basically consistent with the national average,indicating that the embedded position of Sichuan’s manufacturing in the value chain is roughly at the middle level.Comparing the manufacturing value chain upgrade model,this article finds that the embedded position of Sichuan manufacturing industry has risen,and the value-added capacity has declined.This approach is worthy of vigilance,because at this time the industry may gradually be marginalized in the process of participating in the division of labor in the value chain.(3)From the perspective of factor intensity and technological complexity,the advantages of Sichuan manufacturing in the global value chain are mainly concentrated in low-tech industries of labor-intensive,and the division of labor status of high-tech industries in the global value chain is still at the low end.The leading forces to increase the embedded position of the value chain of Sichuan’s manufacturing enterprises are general trade enterprises,mixed trade enterprises,state-owned enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises.Secondly,through the way of quantitative regression and structural decomposition,the empirical analysis of the factors affecting the upgrading of Sichuan’s manufacturing value chain found that:(1)Accelerating fixed asset investment and infrastructure construction is the main reason for increasing the domestic value-added rate of Sichuan’s manufacturing enterprises’ exports way.Increasing the import intensity of intermediate goods will reduce the domestic value-added rate of Sichuan’s manufacturing enterprises’ exports,while moving to the downstream of the value chain.(2)The higher the role of the market in resource allocation,and the more favorable it is for Sichuan manufacturing enterprises to move up the value chain,and the stronger regional fixed asset investment is beneficial for Sichuan manufacturing enterprises to move toward value.The chain moves downstream.(3)From the perspective of the change of the division of labor position in the value chain of Sichuan’s manufacturing industry,it is mainly affected by the change of entry and exit of inter industry enterprises,the role of intra-industry structural adjustment is limited,and the cross-industry reallocation effect of resources is an important force to reduce the domestic value-added rate of Sichuan’s manufacturing export.From the embedded position change of Sichuan’s manufacturing value chain,the effect of intra-industry change is the main force to promote the upstream degree of Sichuan’s manufacturing industry.Thirdly,through the expansion of the factor rewards of the trade value added decomposition model,the income level and embedded depth of the upgrading of the Sichuan manufacturing value chain are examined from the share of labor and capital factor rewards in the region and the degree of embeddedness,and the measurement model and structural decomposition are used.The method explores the factors that influence the changes in the status and embedded position of the division of labor in Sichuan’s manufacturing value chain from the perspective of factors.The study found that:(1)Although the profitability of the overall value chain of Sichuan’s factors has increased,labor factors are facing the "low-end lock-in" dilemma,and the overall influence of factors on other value chain links is declining.(2)The proportion of labor remuneration in technology-intensive industrial regions is consistent with the level of labor embedding;the ranking of labor-intensive and capital-intensive labor remuneration shares and embedding degree shows the opposite phenomenon,that is,the higher the share of industrial labor remuneration,the higher the industrial labor embedding The lower the degree.It can be seen that the expansion of capital-intensive industries will lead to a decline in the proportion of direct labor factor returns.(3)The empirical findings found that increasing per capita investment in fixed assets and improving the servicing level of manufacturing is conducive to promote the division of labor in the value chain of Sichuan’s labor factor input.(4)Changes in the share of factor returns in Sichuan’s manufacturing industry mainly come from intra-industry changes,and the role of inter-industry structural adjustment is very limited.Changes in the degree of factor embedding mainly come from the effects of inter-industry structural adjustment.Fourthly,based on the theoretical discussion of the interactive integration of the producer service industry and the manufacturing industry to promote the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain,the input-output analysis method is X used to conduct an empirical analysis of the industrial integration between the producer service industry and the manufacturing industry and test it empirically.In recent years,the development of Sichuan’s industrial integration has had an impact on the upgrading of manufacturing value chains.The research found that:(1)Sichuan’s manufacturing and producer services have a high degree of interaction,but the degree of integration is low,and they mainly rely on low-tech producer services.(2)Increasing the degree of industrial integration,strengthening the service level of the manufacturing industry,and increasing the input of productive services in the manufacturing industry will promote the movement of Sichuan’s manufacturing industry to the lower reaches of the value chain and the higher status of the division of labor elements;increasing the contribution of the productive service industry to manufacturing will improve the division of labor in Sichuan’s manufacturing industry,but it will also reduce the value-added gains from trade.(3)From the perspective of the heterogeneity of the degree of servicing,low-tech servicing is conducive to improving the labor status of Sichuan’s manufacturing labor factors in the value chain,but it will promote Sichuan’s manufacturing industry to move to links with low value-added downstream trade.Middle-technological servicing promotes Sichuan’s manufacturing industry to move to links with high value-added gains from upstream trade,but it will reduce Sichuan’s manufacturing industry labor factor income.From the perspective of the heterogeneity of the degree of unidirectional integration,increasing the amount of intermediate input in low-tech services will push Sichuan’s manufacturing industry to move to links with high returns to downstream labor factors,and increasing the amount of intermediate input in technological services will promote the increase in upstream trade of Sichuan’s manufacturing industry.Links with high value gains move.From the perspective of the heterogeneity of integration and interaction,improving the influence of low-tech services will promote Sichuan’s manufacturing industry to move to a higher position in the labor factor value chain,but the gains from trade value-added are lower.Increasing the influence of middle-tech services will promote Sichuan’s manufacturing industry to move to a higher position in the value chain of labor factors and a higher position in the value chain.Based on the above theoretical analysis and empirical testing,this article puts forward the following policy recommendations in a targeted manner: First,it is necessary to accelerate regional fixed asset investment and infrastructure construction,strengthen localized production of intermediate products,and strive to break the “low-end lock-in” of the Sichuan manufacturing value chain and“high-end crowding out” dilemma.The second is to intensify market-oriented reforms,guide the value chain upgrading of manufacturing enterprises according to the characteristics of enterprise differences,and mainly guide resource elements to gather in areas with core competitive advantages,like “5+1” pillar industries including electronic information,equipment manufacturing,beverage and food,energy and chemical industry,advanced material industry and digital economy.The third is to actively promote the development of industrial integration and linkage,improve the quality of service elements in the middle of the value chain,strengthen the scientific guidance of policies,and accelerate the development of service-oriented manufacturing.The fourth is to promote the transformation of the development mode from material investment to talent investment,accelerate the substitution of production factors,and promote the shift of Sichuan’s manufacturing industry from low-cost competition and capital competition to high-quality competition and talent competition.