| Since the reform and opening up,China’s scientific and technological innovation has achieved world-renowned achievements,and has gradually got rid of its role as a follower of scientific and technological innovation.The overall level has been in the forefront of developing countries,and some fields have reached the forefront of world technology,which has effectively promoted China’s economic growth.Quality development has enhanced international competitiveness.Scientific and technological innovation is an important guarantee for China’s economic development and social progress,and an important support for improving people’s livelihood and guaranteeing national security.But at the same time,it must be noted that compared with the developed countries in the world,China’s technological innovation still has some problems.The level of technological innovation in many fields still has a considerable gap with the world’s technological frontiers.The self-sufficiency rate of key technologies is low and independent Innovation capabilities(especially enterprises)are not strong.In today’s world,scientific and technological innovation has become the main driving force for social progress and economic development."Whoever masters advanced technology will have the initiative in economic and social development,and whoever has the initiative in competition for comprehensive national strength." If China wants to "accelerate the construction of an innovative country and support and lead high-quality development",it must actively lead enterprises in independent innovation and compete for the world market."To accelerate the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic cycle as the main body and the domestic and international dual cycles mutually promoting each other",it is necessary to comprehensively strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights and let the knowledge economy driven by innovation and intellectual property play its due role in the process of industrial upgrading and structural transformation.Intellectual property protection is an important tool for stimulating innovation,and protecting intellectual property is protecting innovation.Comprehensively strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights will surely promote China’s development into the fast lane driven by innovation.At present,in order to adapt to the changes in the global economic structure and the development of a new round of scientific and technological revolution,major countries in the world are constantly accelerating the construction of innovative countries.Developed countries,led by the United States,take advantage of their competitive advantages and monopoly in science and technology and intellectual property rights to frequently implement trade barriers in the name of protecting intellectual property rights to curb the development of emerging developing countries such as China.In particular,the innovation activities of export companies have an important impact.Due to the regional characteristics of the intellectual property system and the principle of conditional national treatment,the impact of intellectual property protection on the innovative activities of export enterprises is not only multifaceted,but also widely disputed.This requires a full theoretical explanation and an appropriate response strategy.Based on the general equilibrium analysis framework of the endogenous growth theory and the classic models of strategic trade theory and heterogeneous trade theory,this dissertation mainly studies the impact of market structure and knowledge spillover on the innovation of export enterprises,and the basic characteristics of the consensual intellectual product protection system.Through theoretical and empirical analysis,this dissertation attempts to answer the following questions: Firstly,what are the main factors that stimulate and inhibit the innovation of export enterprises? Secondly,how does the domestic intellectual property protection system as an industrial policy affect the innovation of Chinese export companies? Thirdly,in the context of globalization,how does the foreign intellectual property protection system as a strategic trade policy affect the innovation of Chinese export companies? Last but not the least,whether there is industry heterogeneity in the mechanism by which the intellectual property protection system affects the innovation of export enterprises,and the mediating or moderating effects of these industry characteristics.In terms of theoretical analysis of the impact of intellectual property protection on the innovation of export enterprises,first,by constructing a two-stage Stackelberg competition model for R&D and product markets,and introducing intellectual property protection policies,it is found that for export companies,intellectual property protection can increase the markup of innovative companies by suppressing knowledge spillovers.Drawing lessons from the D-S model,the model was upgraded from a partial equilibrium to a general equilibrium,and it was found that the market structure was an important factor affecting innovation.For export companies,the motivation for intellectual property protection is to change the market structure and promote innovative companies to maintain and expand their "market share." Secondly,based on Melitz(2003)heterogeneous trade model,a general equilibrium model is established in which firm R&D cost replaces firm’s fixed entry cost.This dissertation finds that market structure and knowledge spillover affect the R&D innovation of export enterprises together.A fragmented competitive market will weaken the incentives for independent research and development of enterprises.Industries with low levels of knowledge spillovers require lower levels of intellectual property protection,while industries with higher levels of knowledge spillovers need to strengthen domestic intellectual property protection.Finally,a duopoly Bertrand competition model shows that in international trade,the protection of intellectual property rights in importing countries is often to protect the interests of domestic enterprises,and developed countries(such as the United States)will actively restrict or hinder emerging enterprises in order to safeguard the economic interests of domestic enterprises.The country’s progress in knowledge and technology.This is the result of the game competition between incumbent companies and potential competitors in the "Schumpeterian innovation" thinking about technological distance,knowledge spillover and intellectual property protection,which has risen to the field of international trade.In terms of the characteristic facts of intellectual property protection and innovation of export enterprises,first,this dissertation analyzes the characteristics of international intellectual property protection from the scope of international intellectual property protection,the content of protection,and the level of protection.Secondly,from the perspectives of China’s intellectual property legislation system,law enforcement and protection level,the status quo of China’s intellectual property protection is combed,and the level of intellectual property protection in various regions of China is measured by revising the G-P index.Third,since 1998,the United States has been China’s primary export destination(except in 2013).Therefore,the current situation and trends of US intellectual property protection have been sorted out from the US intellectual property protection system and level of intellectual property protection.It is found that the protection of intellectual property rights in the United States has been tightening in recent years,and the wielding of trade barriers for intellectual property protection has become more and more frequently.Using the 2007-2016 "Guotai’an Listed Companies Data",the characteristic facts of the innovation activities of Chinese export companies are analyzed from the two aspects of innovation input and innovation output of Chinese export companies.The results found that: the innovation input and innovation output of Chinese export enterprises have a trend of increasing.However,the trend of imbalance between regions and industries is also expanding.Regarding the empirical research on the impact of China’s domestic intellectual property protection on the innovation of export companies,this dissertation uses the2007-2016 "Catalan(CSMAR)Listed Company Data" to calculate the company’s technological progress rate,R&D intensity,knowledge spillover level,and intellectual property rights.Index data such as the degree of protection,the degree of market competition,and the degree of product heterogeneity.The dissertation uses the least squares method to verify whether China’s intellectual property protection has a significant impact on the rate of technological progress of export companies;uses the counting model(maximum likelihood method and its extension)to identify the causal relationship of China’s intellectual property protection on the innovation performance of export companies;Use the Probit model to test the impact of China’s intellectual property protection on innovation incentives for export companies.The results found that: intellectual property protection has a more significant impact on the technological progress of enterprises;Chinese export companies can benefit from domestic intellectual property protection than non-export companies,thereby improving their innovation performance(such as increasing patents).Strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights in China is conducive to improving the enthusiasm of enterprises for R&D and innovation,but there is no significant gap between exporting companies and non-exporting companies.There is no significant difference between Chinese export companies and non-export companies receiving government innovation subsidies to generate innovation incentives.Then,the robustness test was carried out by adjusting the data,variables and regression model.Finally,it analyzes the impact of industry heterogeneity.For example,from the theoretical model of Kamien and Zang(2000),it derives suitable indicators to reflect the absorptive capacity of enterprises,and empirically tests the relationship between absorptive capacity and knowledge spillovers.Drawing lessons from Swan’s(1970)"Optimal Durability Theorem",the conditional product heterogeneity index for a given output is obtained,and testing the degree of product heterogeneity has a moderating effect.In terms of empirical research on the impact of intellectual property protection in importing countries on the innovation of Chinese export companies,based on the company data in the 1999-2011 "Cathay Pacific(CSMAR)Listed Company Data",using the PSM-DID method to empirically Analyzed the impact of the Section 337 investigation in the United States on the innovation activities of Chinese export companies,and conducted a robustness test.It turns out that the strategic trade policy of the US intellectual property protection has a significant positive impact on the technological innovation of Chinese export companies.Although the protection of intellectual property rights in the United States has a significant role in promoting the technological innovation of all industrial enterprises in China,the strengthening of intellectual property protection in the United States is more conducive to increasing the enthusiasm of export enterprises in R&D and innovation than non-export enterprises.Furthermore,from the perspective of dual margin,the mechanism of US intellectual property protection on the innovation of Chinese export enterprises is further verified.The result is that the source of technology of Chinese export companies is too dependent on knowledge spillovers,and the growth path is mainly dependent on factor input and the "catch-up" development of absorbing foreign technology transfer.In other words,China’s exports are "low-quality" and captured by GVC.The United States has strengthened its 377 investigation of Chinese export companies,and the results have a negative impact on the market share of Chinese export companies.This is because export companies have suffered from trade barriers of intellectual property rights and lost many export markets.To bypass intellectual property barriers,relevant enterprises in developing countries(such as China)need to have independent intellectual property rights,so they have begun to strengthen independent R&D and innovation.The increase in the barriers to protection of intellectual property rights in the United States has made the way for Chinese export companies to source their technology from mainly relying on technology transfer to relying on independent R&D and innovation.At the end of the dissertation,combining the actual situation of Chinese export companies and the current new pattern of international trade,through theoretical analysis and empirical testing,the dissertation has the following main conclusions:First,the protection of domestic intellectual property rights in exporting countries stimulates the innovation of domestic export enterprises.Intellectual property rights endow innovative companies with post-monopoly rights(market structure)and at the same time block knowledge spillovers.Market structure(post-monopoly)will affect the innovation of export enterprises,and innovation will increase the market share of enterprises(market concentration).Only by weakening knowledge spillovers can innovative companies be able to enjoy the benefits of innovation exclusively and increase incentives for corporate innovation.Second,although domestic intellectual property protection in exporting countries has given incentives to enterprises to innovate,its impact on the innovation of domestic exporting enterprises is non-linear(inverted U-shaped).On the one hand,the value of innovation after the formation of a monopoly market structure is lower than that under monopolistic competition;on the other hand,excessively weakened knowledge spillover hinders the exchange of knowledge(industrial cluster effect).Third,the effect of domestic intellectual property protection in exporting countries on the innovation of export enterprises varies due to the heterogeneity of the industry.The stronger the absorptive capacity of an enterprise,the higher the degree of knowledge spillover,and the more favorable the intellectual property protection policy is for the innovation of export enterprises;the higher the product heterogeneity between enterprises,the lower the degree of knowledge spillover,the innovation of the intellectual property protection policy for export enterprises The incentive effect is less obvious.Fourth,the smaller the distance(relative distance)between the exporting company and its industry and the world’s technological frontier,the higher the probability of suffering from the importing country’s intellectual property barriers(such as the US 377survey).At the same time,the greater the cross-over flexibility of industry innovation in the two countries,the more vulnerable export companies will suffer from intellectual property barriers,because importing countries need to pay additional R&D costs in order to maintain technological frontiers and product market competitive advantages.Fifth,the protection of intellectual property rights in importing countries will further affect the innovation activities of exporting enterprises by affecting the profits and market share of exporting enterprises.Intellectual property protection barriers will lead to higher production costs and lower profit margins for export companies.Therefore,in order to increase technological productivity(reduce production costs),export companies must rely on independent R&D and innovation.At the same time,export companies suffered from intellectual property barriers and lost many export markets.In order to circumvent intellectual property barriers,independent intellectual property rights are required,so independent R&D and innovation will be strengthened.Strengthening independent research and development by export companies is an important strategy for opening up the international market and sustainable development.Based on the classic work of Melitz(2003),this dissertation fully examines the impact of endogenous technological changes on the innovation of heterogeneous export enterprises.From the perspective of endogenous technological progress,it has a certain marginal contribution to the theory of heterogeneous trade.This dissertation expands Schumpeter’s theory of innovation from partial equilibrium to general equilibrium,and finally to the trade field,enriching the extension of "destructive innovation theory" to a certain extent.Conduct a differentiated analysis of the intellectual property policies affecting export companies based on stakeholders and replace the traditional product life cycle model with a dynamic game model between incumbents and potential competitors to explore the difference between heterogeneous intellectual property protection policies on the innovation of export companies Influence Mechanism.The research in this dissertation will help strengthen the dominant position and leading role of enterprise innovation,help promote the high-quality development of China’s economy;help to improve the competitiveness and stability of the domestic industrial chain,cultivate new advantages for participating in international cooperation,and promote the new development pattern of "domestic and international dual cycles". |
