| Finance is the core of modern economy and an important embodiment of a country’s core competitiveness.Therefore,financial development and financial security are strategic and fundamental issues related to the overall economic and social development.At present,there are many issues in our country,such as excessive financial supply,high price,unreasonable financial structure,large proportion of indirect financing and inadequate development of inclusive finance.To solve these problems,we need to take systematic reform measures.Through years of exploration and practice,the Party Central Committee and the State Council have already made preparation for the financial supply-side reform.Relying on modern science and technology to break down industry barriers,introduction of the new market competitors,stimulation of the transformation and development of traditional financial institutions,and the promotion of inclusive finance are the key points of financial supply-side reform.Internet finance is a key catalyst in exploring financial innovation and promoting inclusive finance.The new century has witnessed the development of Internet finance,from its starting up,tremendous growth to innovation.It has played an important role in promoting the marketization of interest rates and inclusive finance,and accumulated valuable experience for the supervision of financial innovation and financial science and technology in China.Modern science and technology to promote financial reform is a historical trend,and the trend is irreversible.For this reason,many experts and scholars have carried out a series of fruitful research from the function,technology,development trend,laws and regulations of Internet finance,and expressed their views and opinions.Among them,there are many economists and entrepreneurs with great social influence,such as Xie Ping,Wu Xiaoxue,Chen Zhiwu,Pan Gongsheng and Ma Yun.Unfortunately,the above-mentioned experts and scholars focus more on the technical level,with little concern on those philosophically,in other words,they fail to analyze the historical inevitability and logical implications of financial development and the changes of financial instruments from the perspectives of ontology,epistemology and axiology.Philosophy,as the essence of the times,should be embodied in the social hot-debated issues.Besides,the study of Internet finance is a blank area of economic philosophy.Therefore,this paper makes a theoretical generalization and philosophical reflection on Internet Finance in order to provide some reference for the academic community.What is the historical inevitability of the development of Internet finance?What changes does it bring to human society?What is the philosophical implication behind it?How should Internet finance develop in the future?A good answer to these questions will help build a strong capital market and financial aircraft carrier,steadily promote the reform of China’s financial system,and achieve the social goals of serving the real economy of financial services,meeting the needs of economic and social development and the people.Based on this problem,this paper will elaborate in the following parts.Firstly,taking Marx’s theory of human needs as the theoretical framework,using human needs to promote the theory of historical development,and pointing out the social historicity of scientific and technological innovation to promote financial development and financial transformation.On this basis,this paper analyses the historical inevitability of the emergence and development of Internet finance,and puts forward that the emergence of Internet finance is the realistic need of social development to a certain stage,the need of investment and financing of small and medium-sized enterprises and the public,and it is also the need of making finance return to the social goal of serving the public.This paper further discusses the impact of Internet Finance on human society from four aspects:life style,production mode,communication mode and social cognitive mode.It also makes an analysis and comment on the above-mentioned impact and changes by using Marxist materialist dialectics and Habermas’ theory of communication.Secondly,as the representative of new finance,Internet finance has brought a profound impact on traditional finance.First of all,the original business models of banks,insurance and securities have been greatly impacted from both sides of assets and liabilities.Yu’er Bao Financial management,P2P investment and Internet fund sales have caused a diversion of bank savings deposits.With the development of micro-online loans,small and medium-sized enterprises and individuals have access to loans,which makes up for the gap in banking services.Secondly,the widespread use of third-party payment has greatly affected the bank’s intermediary business income,and the traditional business model of attracting customers by relying on physical outlets as a fortress has become unsustainable.Thirdly,under the pressure of Internet finance,the interest rate gates,which were firmly controlled by traditional financial institutions,are being gradually opened up,the competition among financial institutions is intensifying,the services are sinking,and the sense of financial service acquisition of the public is improving.In order to meet the challenge,traditional financial institutions began a series of earth-shaking business model changes.Such as increasing investment in their own network and technology,improving the functions of online banking and mobile banking,developing their own Internet financial service model,developing credit loans to small and micro enterprises and individuals,cooperating with Internet financial institutions,striving to innovate and develop and meet industry changes.Thirdly,from the perspective of Marx’s theory of virtual capital,this paper analyses that Internet finance,as another form of virtual economy,has not only the general characteristics of virtual economy,but also the characteristics of replication,scale and sharing.It points out the essential characteristics of dual virtuality of Internet finance which is different from traditional finance.After the separation of Finance and real assets,independent operation has become the virtualization of the operation of real economy.As a virtual transaction medium,the Internet serves financial activities to virtualize the virtual value movement twice,thus forming the dual virtualization of Internet finance.It further points out that Internet finance has four philosophical characteristics:abstraction,rheology,leverage and securitization.Fourthly,ancient Greek philosophers have rich space-time concepts.From Taylor,Pythagoras to Parmenides and Democritus,they all expressed their views on the existence of time and the absoluteness of space from their respective perspectives.Aristotle acknowledged the objective existence of time and had a far-reaching impact on future generations.After the shackles of the Middle Ages,modern scientists broke the prison of religious theology and began to scientifically put forward the judgment of time and space.Newton believed that time and space were absolutely independent and had no influence on each other.The traditional financial system and Newton’s absolute concept of time and space are from the same origin,relying on business outlets to carry out business,that is,where the outlets are distributed,business will extend.The business monopoly of financial institutions has raised its instrumental status to an unprecedented height.Because of the dependence on financial licenses and financial resources,the public can only passively accept financial services,financial instruments gradually become the main bodies from the objects,while the recipients of financial services become the objects.This forms the alienated financial system.Einstein put forward the special theory of relativity,which subverted people’s traditional understanding that time and space do not affect each other,and made the transformation of time and space possible.Therefore,Internet finance based on the relative concepts of time and space has the possibility of breaking the limitation of time and space,reversing the allocation of wealth and opportunity in two dimensions of time and space,and doubling wealth.Fifthly,the prominent feature of Internet finance is that it provides diversified and personalized financial products for different types of investors,financiers and traders.Both financial service providers and demanders show their individuality on this platform,turning abstract and rough individuals into individualized individuals,reflecting the inter-subjectivity of Internet finance.This paper summarizes the inter-subjectivity characteristics of Internet finance,such as decentralization,space-time crossing,individualization and flattening.It points out that inter-subjectivity rationality will be established under Internet finance,tool rationality alienation will be broken through and returned,technology will turn to humanism,and financial democratization will be promoted.From the industrial point of view,WeChat and Alipay have developed their respective Internet financial businesses on the basis of social and life services respectively.They are independent and complementary.This paper takes two companies as examples to analyze the inter-subjectivity of the Internet financial industry.Sixth,Internet finance,as one of the tools of intertemporal value exchange,has not got rid of the risk characteristics of finance.In its operation process,there are not only credit risk,liquidity risk and legal risk similar to traditional finance,but also specific risks arising from the development of business relying on information technology means,such as information technology vulnerability risk,security risk of equipment operation,legal risk of electronic combination.The existing legal system also has many problems,such as imperfect subject qualification system,imperfect transaction and information security guarantee system,and imperfect legal system of Internet financial supervision.From the perspective of philosophy,the financial system itself is an open and complex system with scomplexity and uncertainty.Its complexity is characterized by self-organization,tight coupling,non-linearity and dynamic non-periodicity.From Knight’s study,the risks and uncertainties of the Internet financial industry are characterized by unconscious induction,uncertainty of demand,high speed of change and reduced measurability.Seventh,from William N.Goldman’s research on the origin of value,we can conclude that finance originates from the demand of capital loan in human production,which shows that the original purpose of finance is to serve people’s production and life.As Robert Shearer said,the social essence of finance lies in serving the public.At present,the financial ecology has deviated from the original.If it develops without regulation,it will lead to a profound social crisis.Sharing,as the original connotation of finance,should make finance return to serve the real economy and the public.Therefore,this paper analyses the connotation of financial sharing as well as different perspectives that Internet finance should achieve the goal of financial development and financial reform through platform sharing,channel sharing,data sharing,payment and settlement system sharing,financial risk and supervision sharing.On this basis,combined with the "one belt and one road" and the cooperation between China and Africa,it is good to make the world share the development results of China’s Internet finance.Finally,this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the development of Internet finance in China in light of the current hot issues in the development of Internet finance.In the aspect of innovation of financial reform system,it is suggested to adopt "negative list system" to re-establish supervision ideas from three aspects:subject access,industry access and product access.Secondly,we should improve the legal system of Internet finance from the aspects of perfecting legal system construction,strengthening network technology security and personal information protection.Thirdly,we should do a good job in self-regulation management and personnel of Internet finance industry and the training on investor protection.At the same time,we should fully develop the wide application of block chain technology,strengthen the technical advantages of Internet finance,and promote the healthy,orderly and stable development of Internet finance industry. |
