| Innovation is the primary driving force for development and a strategic support for building a modern economic system.As a specific realization of national innovation capabilities at the regional level,regional innovation capabilities represent the basic ability of innovation elements to gather,integrate,and promote continuous innovation in a certain region,the basic conditions for supporting regional economic growth and improving industrial competitiveness,and the key factors that determine the status of regional participation in the international industrial division of labor under globalization.From the perspective of the international environment,China’s global innovation capability has been continuously improved,and a multipolar pattern of global innovation has gradually taken shape.From the perspective of the domestic environment,a new pattern of China’s regional innovation linkage has gradually taken shape.From the perspective of the regional environment,with the development of the western region,the development strategy continues to advance,and innovation-driven development has become a core requirement of the historical process of China’s western development.Judging from the progress of regional innovation research at home and abroad,the previous research on regional innovation systems focused on analyzing regional innovation activities.The concept of regions was relatively vague and multi-scale characteristics existed,which caused difficulties in the practical analysis and application of regional innovation systems.Scale regional innovation analysis framework serves to enhance the scope of application of regional innovation systems.This study takes the regional innovation system as the theoretical support,and integrates regional innovation issues at different scales into a research whole.It analyzes the formation mechanism of regional innovation patterns from the perspective of the evolution and the practical operation of regional innovation systems.From the western provincial regions,urban agglomerations(cities),and high-tech districts,the analysis starts with the evolution of the spatial pattern of regional innovation at three different scales in the region,analyzes the influencing factors of regional innovation at different scales,and uses empirical analysis to verify the dynamic mechanism of multi-scale regional innovation in the west.Finally,a gradient model of western regional innovation is constructed.It helps to understand the status and evolution of western regional innovation from the perspective of the evolution and operation of regional innovation systems,provides decision-making basis for formulating strategic policies for western regional innovation development,and further enriches and expands the development and practical research of regional innovation theory.Based on the analysis of the above issues,this study draws the following conclusions:(1)The formation and evolution of the multi-scale spatial pattern of western regional innovation is the result of the interaction and evolution of regional innovation systems.Knowledge is the most basic driving force for regional innovation systems.Accelerating the process of knowledge discovery,identification,diffusion,sharing,and capitalization is the primary goal to promote the evolution of regional innovation systems.This process led to the aggregation of innovation elements towards the innovation subject,and the innovation subject further concentrated towards the innovation pole,gradually forming a symbiosis of multiple innovation poles,eventually forming a spatially-aggregated regional innovation system and the evolution path to break the spatial boundary of the regional innovation system to a cross-regional innovation system.Under the influence of internal and external factors,the regional innovation system forms a dual role mechanism of knowledge flow and innovation industry agglomeration,which promotes the establishment of more complex multi-level network relationships among the diversified innovation subjects,leading to the formation and evolution of a multi-scale spatial pattern of western regional innovation.(2)The step-by-step regional innovation pattern of the western region has been formed.At present,the western region has formed a regional technological innovation system framework led by the construction of high-tech zones with strong innovation capabilities,such as Xi’an,Chengdu,Chongqing,Guiyang and Nanning High-tech Zones,in collaboration with provincial high-tech zones and other types of development zones,together with Chengdu,Chongqing Shapingba,Xi’an,Guiyang,Nanning,Lanzhou and other innovative pilot cities based on the construction of innovative urban agglomerations,as well as Shaanxi and Sichuan’s two innovative provinces’pilot construction of the western region’s innovative linkage pattern.(3)Since 2000,the innovation capacity of the western region has increased rapidly,and the spatial pattern of regional innovation has been more complex at multiple scales.In terms of provincial regions,the western region presents a three-pronged situation of innovation and development in Shaanxi,Sichuan,and Chongqing.The remaining provinces in the western region have relatively low levels of regional innovation capacity,especially in western frontiers and ethnic minority provinces such as Tibet,Qinghai,Ningxia,Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia,etc.These regions also show low levels of innovation input,output,innovation environment and innovation performance.In terms of urban agglomerations,national innovative urban agglomerations(Chengyu),regional innovative urban agglomerations(Guanzhong Plain),innovative development urban agglomerations(Beibu Bay,HubaoEyu,and central Yunnan)and innovative cultivation have been formed four-level innovative urban agglomeration system(Central Guizhou,Lanxi,North Slope of Tianshan Mountain,Ningxia along the Yellow River).In terms of high-tech zones,Xi’an,Chengdu,Chongqing,Guiyang,and Nanning high-tech zones have the strongest innovation capabilities,while the development of high-tech zones in the western border and minority areas is relatively limited and the innovation capabilities are weak,such as Urumqi,Changji,Shizuishan,and Ordos High-tech Zones,etc.(4)At the theoretical level,the internal and external influence factors of regional innovation capabilities are analyzed,and the GWR method is used to conduct an empirical analysis of the regional innovation influence factors.The results show that the impact of regional innovation development on different scales is various,and the same impact exerted on different regions is also different.Innovative talents,informatization levels,and opening up policy play a key role in provincial-level regional innovation;opening up,infrastructure levels,and innovative talents play a key role in innovation in urban agglomerations;government support and informatization levels are innovation capabilities in high-tech zones positive factors.(5)From the perspective of the evolution and operation of the regional innovation system,an analytical framework for the dynamic mechanism of multi-scale regional innovation development in the west is constructed.The ESDA method was used to analyze the spatial correlation effects of innovation in provincial regions,urban agglomerations,and high-tech zones,and it verified the role of regional innovation system evolution and operation on the formation of regional innovation patterns.In order to explore the effect of innovation agglomeration and diffusion within urban agglomerations,further the construction of urban agglomerations,the"polarization-trickle-down" effect model of the central city shows that:local spatial autocorrelation exists in innovations at different scales in the western region,innovation gradient differences exist at different scales,and polarization and diffusion effects of innovation activities exist,which promotes the adoption of innovation factors,the agglomeration mechanism and diffusion mechanism’s flow between different scale regions,which has shaped the innovative multi-scale spatial pattern of the western region.(6)The framework of the western region’s innovation gradient model,which proposes a gradient of innovation factors in the western region from high-tech zones to innovative cities to urban agglomerations or provinces(from small-scale areas to large-scale areas),points out innovative industrial clusters and innovation poles.It is the key to the western region’s innovation gradient model.At the same time,it proposes the process of the gradient of the western regional innovation from national high-tech zones to provincial high-tech zones to other industrial parks to enterprises and finally to small towns and rural areas.It points out the function of the western regional innovation gradient model to promote regional innovation,drive development,and ensure national science,technology,and economic security.This study integrates regional innovation issues at different scales into a research whole,and analyzes the dynamic mechanism of the evolution of the multi-scale spatial pattern of regional innovation in the western region from the perspective of the evolution and operation of regional innovation systems with a certain innovation.However,due to the availability of research data and the complexity of research samples,the units of regional innovation research have not been further refined to smaller scale units.The research on the multi-scale spatial pattern of regional innovation has involved the issue of the construction of a cross-regional innovation system,and it is also a direction that can be further studied in the future. |
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