Research On Employability Structure Of Higher Vocational Colleges Students Under The Background Of Manufacturing Transformation And Upgrading

Improving the quality of human capital is the key to achieving the goal of "made in China 2025".The key part of the transformation and upgrading of China’s manufacturing industry is to transform low skilled workers into high-quality talents.Vocational education as a type of education undertakes the important task of providing high-quality human resources support for promoting industrial upgrading and economic development.Employability,as an intermediary link connecting the cultivation of vocational education talents and the demand for skilled talents in manufacturing industry,is an important aspect that vocational education provides talent support for manufacturing transformation and upgrading.This study focuses on the employability of higher vocational students.On the one hand,it examines the changes and challenges faced by higher vocational students’ employability under the manufacturing transformation and upgrading from the perspective of the impact mechanism of industrial development on employability;on the other hand,based on the realistic gap between the supply and demand of higher vocational students’ employability and its causes,this paper deeply explores how to reform the talent training system of vocational education to meet the requirements of foreign industrial development.Specifically,the content is carried out from the following four aspects: first,to explore the logical path of the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry affecting the employability of higher vocational students;second,summarize and refine the structure and elements of higher vocational students’ employability to meet the needs of manufacturing transformation and upgrading;The third is to find the gap between the employability of higher vocational students and the demand of manufacturing industry and the causes of these gaps;the fourth is to put forward specific strategies to cultivate the employability of higher vocational students in response to the needs of the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry.So as to realize the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry and the formation of high-quality vocational education system with employability as the main line.Therefore,this study adopts a hybrid research design,draws lessons from relevant research results at home and abroad,expands research ideas,and adopts more appropriate research methods according to the characteristics of each research topic.Firstly,from the perspective of the impact mechanism of industrial development on employability,this paper examines the changes and challenges faced by higher vocational students’ employability under the manufacturing transformation and upgrading.As the two key elements of the production system,technological progress and human capacity promote the transformation of the production system,and then promote the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry.The logical path for the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry to affect the employability of higher vocational students is "transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry-transformation of production system-transformation of working world-change of employability".The manufacturing industry is increasingly transforming and upgrading in the direction of intelligent manufacturing,which leads to changes in the working world,resulting in profound changes in career types,organization modes,employment methods and work contents in the new working world,it puts forward new requirements for the employability of workers.Secondly,based on the basic structural framework of employability,this paper constructs a "change in time" structural model of employability.Based on the overall research paradigm constructed by the capability structure model,this study uses the content analysis method and questionnaire survey method to construct an aggregate capability structure model covering five capability dimensions: Method capability,technical capability,social capability,learning capability and individual characteristics,and including 21 specific capabilities such as sense of responsibility,digital capability,innovation capability and complex problem-solving capability.The relationship between ability elements presents a certain hierarchy,in which personal characteristics and learning ability belong to relatively implicit "soft" ability,while technical ability,method ability and social ability are relatively explicit "hard" ability.The whole capability structure model shows the renewal of capability elements,the hierarchy,systematicness and difference of capability structure.Thirdly,based on the analysis of the supply-demand relationship of Higher vocational students’ employability structure,this paper analyzes their supply-demand differences with the help of distance analysis method.This gap is manifested in three aspects:: first,the gap between higher-order demand and solid supply in terms of ability elements.Higher vocational students obviously lack high-level abilities closely related to intelligent manufacturing,such as digital ability,innovation ability,complex thinking ability,equipment operation and maintenance ability,lifelong learning ability and so on;Second,the capacity dimension shows the gap between multi-dimensional demand and single supply.There is a big gap between higher vocational students and employers in the three dimensions of learning ability,technical ability and social ability.To some extent,under the background of manufacturing transformation and upgrading,the demand of labor market for the employability of higher vocational students shows a trend of overall improvement in all dimensions,while the development of Higher vocational students’ employability in all dimensions is not balanced enough to meet the needs of manufacturing enterprises;The third is the gap between the complexity of demand and the fragmentation of supply.Under the background of manufacturing transformation and upgrading,employers’ demand for the employability of higher vocational students presents a systematic feature,that is,students need to master more complex "ability sets" rather than individual scattered skills.At present,vocational college students generally master scattered skills,which is difficult to form a complete set of ability system.Fourth,through the reform of the training system,we can realize the matching between the demand for employability and the employability of higher vocational students under the background of manufacturing transformation and upgrading.First,establish a talent training concept coordinated with the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry.at the national level,the employability should be considered from the perspective of national competitiveness;at the social level,we should practice the lifelong education concept of customization and open source;at the educational level,we should adhere to the talent training concept of combining theory with practice.Second,relying on the integration of industry and education,improve the talent training system of pluralistic co governance.Clarify the responsibility of enterprises to participate in vocational education and talent training;build a collaborative education model with multiple participation of government,schools and enterprises.The third is to improve the overall effect of employability training by cultivating the employability urgently needed for the manufacturing transformation and upgrading optimizing the design of curriculum structure and learning methods,paying attention to the evaluation and guidance of new employability elements,and strengthening the prediction of employability demand.