Historical Evolution And Innovative Pattern Of International Sports Training Theory School

Sports training theory is one of the most original and representative theories in physical education.Due to disciplinary characteristics of sports training theory itself,the differences and changes of sports training theories,such as subject background,national system,project concern and international competition system,international sports training theory has not reached a consensus in concept elaboration,knowledge structure,law principle,but presents certain school characteristics.This study intends to discuss the identification,evolution and innovation of international sports training theory school from scientific standard,basic characteristics,historical evolution and innovation pattern,so as to provide a perspective and basis for the innovation of sports training theory in China.Literature review found that scholars at home and abroad have recognized the school differences in theoretical discussion and research process of sports training theory at present,but they have not yet made a comprehensive discussion on the differences,nor have they considered the internal and external dynamic mechanism for the generation,evolution and innovation of differences.Therefore,this study makes good use of literature review method,content analysis method,qualitative comparative analysis,historical research and logic method to study the existenceand manifestation of international sports training theory school,and draws the following main conclusions:(一)From the perspective of systematic knowledge presentation,international sports training theory can be divided into "Eurasian " school and "American Australian " school."Eurasian" schoolhas a geographical or academic relationship with Soviet union.The core of its thought is systematic philosophy view of empiricism,education view of coacher-centered,and competitive value of the prize doctrine.The features are macroscopic knowledge system,clear concept expression,comprehensive principle care,and recognize the joint role of excess recovery and adaptation mechanism."American Australian" schoolis mostly from North America,Western Europe,Oceania and other countries and regions.The core of its thought is positivism reductive philosophy view,athlete-centered education view,competitive value of professional sports.The characteristics are as follows: the knowledge system is specific,the conceptual domain is broad,the principle focuses on load,and the effect of "stress-adaptation" is recognized.(二)The main sports training principles are investigated from three dimensions:subject level,operation level and object level.The historical evolution of "Eurasian" schools is characterized by dynamic jumping of load design,combination of cycle arrangement and competition,chain connection of training process,and specificity of different treatment factors.There are various forms of innovation,focusing not only on the integration of principles and information,but also on the transplantation and deduction of systems science and pedagogy.Historical evolution characteristics of the "American Australian " school are the concentration of load arrangement,the competition orientation of cycle arrangement,overall coordination of competitive ability and different treatment to adapt to the difference.The form of innovation is relatively simple,focusing on analogy,deduction and transplantation.(三)The spatial factors of sports training theory are investigated from three dimensions of formation and development,operation mode and action object.The historical development of strength training theory and method can be divided into four stages: simple type,increasing load,combined type and integral type.Achievements of the "Eurasian" school are relatively concentrated,which is manifested in the rapid transformation of scientific principles and various forms of innovation;Achievements of "American Australian" school are relatively scattered,showing the characteristics of slow transformation of scientific principles,independent and rigorous innovation in the early stage,and overall innovation and transplantation in the later stage.Historical development of endurance training theory and method can be divided into four stages: random practice,increasing load,paying attention to efficiency and model training.Among them,the "Eurasian" school is represented by achievement transplantation and reasoning deduction;The "American Australian" school pays attention to load promotion and means support in the early stage and the construction of conceptual model in the later stage.(四)The time factors of sports training theory are investigated from three dimensions of formation and development,action object and system structure.It is considered that historical development of representative training periodization can be divided into three stages: theory establishment,questioning and improvement and knowledge integration.The establishment and distribution of different schools in periodization are relatively average,and the innovation of "Eurasian" school shows the integrated innovation of systematic proposal and critical improvement;The innovation of "American Australian" school is to meet the needs of the development of competitive professional events through transformation or construction.(五)The innovation impetus of "Eurasian" schooland "American Australian" school of international sports training theory is promoted by the need of practice,political reform and scientific and technological achievements.The innovative way has the characteristics of docking practice,interdisciplinary thinking and school integration.Under the cognition of schools,this study puts forward the development direction of sports training theory in China.In terms of theoretical system development,to build a knowledge system with Chinese characteristics and spread Chinese wisdom to the world based on the construction of core concept system;In terms of the development of spatial factors,to carry out the vertical and horizontal integration of time dimension design and methods based on the summary and refinement of Chinese experience;In terms of the development of time factors,to strengthen the refinement of classical training periodization,and realize the unity of competitive state and Chinese competition based on the construction of the concept system of training periodization.