Study On The Relationship Between Internationality And Nationality In Education From The Perspective Of Marx’s World History Theory

In the process of globalization,how to deal with the relationship between internationalization and nationality in education is an urgent problem.Internationality refers to a characteristic or a trend of development in such fields as education,with the development of technology and the change of production mode,which is more and more obvious in the communication among nations and countries.Based on the unique system of the heavens and the earth,the world environment and the characteristics of the country,nationality is historically formed in the production and life of the national subjects;it is the stable psychological characteristics embodied generally in individual citizen.The psychological characteristics of nationality are often reflected in different national cultures.The national psychology and national cultures embodied in education are the educational nationality.Internationality is the world and the embodiment of universality;Nationality is the concept of national level,which means Chinese nationality in our country and is the embodiment of particularity.Marx’s world history theory is of great methodological value in dealing with the relationship between internationalization and nationality.The capitalist production mode is the social basis for the formation of Marx’s world history theory.The world historical thoughts of some thinkers such as Vico,Saint Simon,Fourier,Kant and Hegel are the ideological foundations of Marx’s world history theory.Marx revolutionized Hegel’s old world history theory from the perspectives of historical ontology,historical methodology and historical value theory.Marx’s world history theory builds world history on the basis of objective material production activities,profoundly reveals the interaction law between national production mode and world production mode in the context of world history,profoundly explains the dialectical development process and development trend of world history,thoroughly draws a line with Hegel’s idealism historical dialectics,and fundamentally completes the deconstruction and transcendence of Hegel’s "European centralism".Marx’s world history theory emphasizes that world history is an organic whole history determined by the production mode,the historical subject is the real people engaged in practical activities,and the development process of world history is also Man’s gradual liberation process.Marx’s world history theory is a methodology to deal with the relationship between the whole humanity and the national regionality.It requires that the development of society and Man’s development should be analyzed with the thinking of "historical process",the relationship between modern and post-modern should be dealed with from the perspective of the change of production mode,and the relationship between human subjects and national subjects should be examined from the perspective of the Man’s overall development.There are many predicaments due to the handling with the relationship between internationality and nationality in education improperly.These predicaments are mainly manifested in the following aspects: the contradiction between the world citizens and the Chinese in training objectives,the dilemma between "China" and "foreign countries" in educational content,the embarrassment between sharing and colonization in educational technology and the dispute between homogenization and characterization in educational evaluation.If these predicaments are analyzed with Marx’s world history theory,there will be a profound insight into the causes of the problems.The lack of vision on the world historical process in the modern national salvation trend represented by the Westernization Movement,the New Culture Movement and the cultural conservatism,the lack of mind on all mankind development in the cultural centralism represented by the Western centralism and the Eastern centralism,the cosmopolitanism’s miscalculation on the process of world history and the postmodernism’s misunderstanding on the stage of social development are the causes of these dilemmas.Scientific judgment of the historical position of contemporary society is an important premise to deal with the relationship between internationality and nationality in education,and the clarification of the historical development coordinates of modernity is an important basis to judge the historical position of contemporary society.The modern production mode is the determining factor for the origin and development of modernity.Modernity is a concept of time rather than geography.The development of modernity is a process of world history driven by the development of productive forces.Therefore,it is necessary to think about the relationship between internationality and nationality under the universal paradigm of world history thinking,and cannot be restricted to the geographical model of culture.In the perspective of man’s development,in the contemporary society,man’s dependence on man,on things and the development of man’s free personality coexist,but the dependence on things dominates,and the development of man’s free personality has not yet been truly formed and established;in the perspective of social development,the transformation from the pre-modern society to the modern society and the transition from the modern society to the post-modern society coexist.This is the determination of the coordinates of the historical development of modernity,and also the scientific judgment of the historical position of the contemporary society.According to this historical orientation,nationality is still an important feature of social development at this stage.Correspondingly,nationality is still an important feature of contemporary education.Compared with internationality,nationality is the primary feature of education.The main goal of contemporary education is to cultivate Chinese people with international vision.This conclusion is determined by social and historical factors.Under the guidance of Marx’s world history theory,the ideas to deal with the relationship between internationality and nationality in education should be sought from the following aspects:firstly,correctly understanding the development needs of national subjects.Properly handling the relationship between facts and values,and the relationship between internal scale and external scale.Man’s development runs through the change of traditional culture.Man’s better quality of life is the biggest driving force for the change of traditional culture.The change of traditional culture is driven by the contradiction between Man’s development needs and the lag of the real production mode,and serves to solve this contradiction.Secondly,adhering to the mutual blending of cultures based on "rationality".Reunderstanding the important position of rationality and actively looking at the time value of rationality is a correct echo of the orientation of the historical development of society.Narrow nationalism with strong irrational characteristics should be avoided.Thirdly,promoting the nationalization application of modern science and technology.The nationalization application of modern science and technology refers to the adaptive improvement or transformation of modern science and technology according to the local heaven-earth system,human environment and production mode.The nationalization application of modern science and technology helps to solve the problem of insufficient and unbalanced development of science and technology,so that it can play an important role in promoting human liberation in a more general sense.Following the above ideas and guided by Marx’s world history theory,the specific strategies to deal with the relationship between the internationality and nationality in education are as follows: first,strengthening the opening up of education and continuing to learn from developed countries.Facing up to the gap,striving to improve the quality of education in learning from developed countries,and absorbing the achievements of international language and culture in the world communication.Second,providing China’s education programs and wisdom to the world and actively participating in global education governance.To further reform the policy of education going out,improve the guarantee mechanism,and actively participate in the formulation of international education standards to make China’s voice.Third,from the social reality,giving full play to the function of education in cultural innovation and development.To make use of the advantages of talent resources and intellectual resources of school education,adhere to the concept of development,and carry out the modernization development of national traditional culture.Fourth,combining education with productive labor to improve man’s comprehensive scientific and technological accomplishment.It is necessary to strengthen the integration of general education and comprehensive technical education in the stage of basic education and carry out scientific popularization education by using night schools of farmers and agricultural machinery schools.Taking Marx’s world history theory as a methodology to deal with the relationship between internationality and nationality in education,it is necessary to think about man’s all-round development in the historical context comprised by man’s dependence on human beings-man’s dependence on materials-the development of man’s free personality,and to think about social development under the context of the pre-modern society-modern society-post-modern society.Nationality is an important feature of contemporary education,but it does not mean pursuing extreme,narrow nationality.After all,the process of the world history is an objective reality.The basic national conditions that China is still in primary stage of socialism should be faced up to.Increasing international exchanges,vigorously developing science,technology and productivity,expanding the opening up of education to the outside world,and actively integrating into world education are the right way to highlight the nationality of education,so that the Chinese nation can better stand in the forest of the world nations.