Research On Educational Process Of "Dujie" Ceremony Of Wenshan Indigo Yao Nationality In Yunan

The issue of educational process is to discuss the response of process philosophy in the field of education. As an important theory and practical problem, "educational process" draws double concerns both from educational theory and practice. Educational process is an education of process and a process education, and its contents are continuously broadened and deepened. But due to the lack of discussion on the essence of educational process, the theoretical and practical issues about "what is educational process" and "what's the content of educational process" have not ended. Currently theories and ideas about educational process are mostly focused on researches on elements of educational process and fair problem in the process, lacking evaluation on the reasonability of the operation of educational process in contemporary schools. As for the various elements that constitute educational process, there are still a great lack of coordination and loss of meaning in the whole operating process. Therefore, this research needs to answer the questions about how to optimize the operation of educational process, how to make educational process satisfy all persons' pursuit for survival, living, development and ultimate value, how to use educational process to better realize heritage of Chinese culture.In history, the Yao is a constantly migratory minority group without its own words. However, relying on its own unique education way—"Dujie", this vagrant minority does not disintegrate due to constant relocation in the ethical historical process, but maintain its own distinctive national characteristics and keep a strong ethical identity. Beginning with the "Dujie" ceremony of Indigo Yao nationality in Yunan, this research has inspected the educational process operating which uses ethical ceremony as education field from the perspective of philosophical hermeneutic. Employing structural functionalism as theoretical support, this paper dialyzes educational process in the ceremony, the deep meaning of its elements and their relationship significance. On the basic of drawing on previous studies, this research attempts to break through the limitation of previous studies, uses "relational thinking" as research methodology, employs phenomenological pedagogy "to restore the thing itself and philosophical hermeneutics and semiotics to study perspective and writing tool. In other words, this research uses "back to the education itself as the starting point to examine the special education form and its educational process operating mechanism that exists in human society, implants the basic study point deeply into education reality to reflect the reality problems exist in schools'educational process. Here, ceremony is not only a ceremony, but an extended "educational process" full of practical significance. In this process, as a direct participant, experiencer, and owner of more cultural capital, educational subject of the ceremony carries the basic meaning and value of education. Therefore, this study starts from educational process operation of the ceremony, and describes carefully the elements of educational process and their relationships. On this basic, this paper uses the theory of philosophical hermeneutics to discuss the educational process operating mechanism of the ceremony, offering some analysis on the issues about how to optimize the operation of educational process and so on.This paper is divided into six chapters to elaborate. First, it introduces historical origin of the Yao and cultural environment of Indigo Yao in Yunan including natural, social and spiritual dimensions, revealing the cultural and ecological systems on which "Dujie" ceremony of the Yao relies. Secondly, it analyzes education occurs in the ceremony, that is, the relationship between ceremony, education and human, as well as the position and significance of "Dujie" ceremony in the survival and life of the Yao people, which build foundation for the analysis of educational process of the ceremony. Then, it has a detailed investigation on the whole process of "Dujie' ceremony of Indigo Yao and interprets six elements in educational process of the ceremony which are educational subject, educational objective, educational content, educational media, educational method and educational environment, as well as their operation mechanism. At last, it reaches the following conclusions:First, due to the absence of words and its unique historical experiences, the Yao people center on totem, ancestor, nature and ghost worship. They use a variety of rituals and food sacrifice as the main means to continue their ethical culture, and among the various ceremonies "Dujie" becomes the main carrier of cultural heritage of the Yao culture because it uses a complete life process to demonstrate the whole process of its culture heritage. From the cultural structure, "Dujie" ceremony is in the middle of cultural system, which is a communication bridge for surface matters and deep spiritual values. The ceremony intertwines a variety of symbols, providing education field for the Yao to participate, experience and internalize ethical culture. It has important educational significance, because it does not only make individuals to be fully nourished in the human-natured ceremony process, but also prepare them well before stepping into society.Second, "Dujie" ceremony is divided into three components, uses reincarnation, pregnancy and birth as the main line and lasts for about 10 days. The included elements of the educational process are unified and coordinated to promote the generation and development of individual life. First, in the "reincarnation" ceremony, the muhriz's body seems to throw into the master's "belly". Through a series activities of selecting and taking on masters, the muhriz and master build teacher-student relationship or new "mother and son relationship" in other words, preparing for later learning and identity. In the "pregnancy" ceremony, the muhriz meditates respectively at home of three masters for three days (one day represent one month) like a fetus. In these nine days, the muhriz meditates in bed during the day and at night with master's guide uses fireplace as media to realize "dialogue" with ancestors to obtain matching ethical spiritual culture and meaning and necessary cultural understanding. In the "birth" ceremony, the muhriz uses body performance of jumping high platform to achieve the fundamental individual socialization, complete the transformation from purely natural man to social individual and realize identity. Then, masters will teach him Ten Commandments, Ten Questions, Ten Answer to regulate his role to be undertaken, responsibilities and obligations to be fulfill in the future life. Each stage of the entire ceremony has its clear education purpose, method, content, media, etc., but these elements are not independent but fused together to play their roles. The whole educational process effectively uses cultural symbols in the ceremony to link individual life course closely, giving its cultural content with life meaning and its life generation with certain cultural prescriptive. On the occasion that life individual drives to maturity, this unique educational process helps muhrizs to obtain different identities and realize socialization in the continuous self-improvement. Third, stepping into the 21st century, the reform of school education does not stop, but the various elements of educational process always can not coordinate and unify. The modern education copied the modern industrial model, therefore education's yield to instrumental rationality displays in pure pursuit for means to reach an aim, which lacking questioning and reflection of the value and significance of the aim itself. This phenomenon will ultimately lead to the crisis of human's meaning and value, loss of human's subjectivity and spiritual self-alienation. Therefore, the author believes that the study on educational process of "Dujie" ceremony is beneficial to resolve the problems of educational process operation in current schools.Using the educational process of "Dujie" ceremony of Indigo Yao nationality as research object, this research theoretically reminds people that any seemingly simple ceremony of ethical culture that exists in human society has its own unique educational process. Secondly, through study of the educational process of "Dujie" ceremony, the paper reveals a unique way for heritage of human civilization, expecting to find a reasonable way and means to transmit civilization that can be learned by school education.