Research On The Impact Of Artificial Intelligence On Labor Market

The application and development of artificial intelligence have had an important impact on the labor market,the existing literature mainly studies the influence of artificial intelligence on the employment and wage level.Through literature review,it is found that: on the one hand,artificial intelligence will replace part of labor and reduce the employment level of labor force;On the other hand,artificial intelligence can also create new jobs and increase labor demand.There is uncertainty about the impact on the total employment.At present,the structural contradiction of employment in China is still significant,and artificial intelligence may have different effects on different labor groups.From the perspective of labor wage level,the change of employment will inevitably lead to the change of wage level,and the change of labor wage under the influence of artificial intelligence is also worth exploring.Employment is the biggest livelihood issue in China,and stable employment is the key to achieve high-quality economic development.This paper tries to explore the influence of artificial intelligence on employment from the employment perspective,which has certain research significance.In addition,the income gap of residents is also a major problem for China’s future development.Therefore,it is also of great significance to investigate the influence of artificial intelligence on the wage level of labor force.At present,there are two main ways to characterize artificial intelligence: taskbased characterization and capital heterogeneity-based characterization.From the existing literature,both methods contribute to the development research of artificial intelligence technology progress.Based on the consideration of academic research and research purposes,this paper chooses the above two ways to bring artificial intelligence into the analysis framework,and constructs the theoretical model of artificial intelligence,employment and wages.The model is constructed from three levels.The first level is to investigate the influence of artificial intelligence on the total employment.Based on Acemoglu and Restrepo task model,the parameter setting in the model is simplified,and the theoretical analysis framework of artificial intelligence’s influence on total employment is constructed.The theoretical results show that artificial intelligence has both substitution effect and creative effect,and the comprehensive effect is related to the dominance of the two effects.The second level: investigate the influence of artificial intelligence on employment structure.Mainly from two aspects of labor skill structure and industrial structure.Skill structure: Based on the simple task model of Acemoglu and Restrepo,combined with the search and matching theory,the high and low skilled labor force is introduced into the model analysis framework,and the mathematical model is constructed.It is found that the comprehensive influence of artificial intelligence on the employment of low skilled labor force is uncertain;But it can improve the overall employment level of highly skilled labor force.Industrial structure: Based on the method of describing artificial intelligence from the perspective of capital heterogeneity,combined with Cobb-Douglas production function and constant coefficient substitution elasticity function,the service sector and manufacturing sector are placed under the model framework to explore the influence of artificial intelligence on employment in different industries.Theoretical results show that the comprehensive effects of artificial intelligence on employment in manufacturing and service sectors can not be judged.In addition,the influence of artificial intelligence on the transfer of labor force between industries is related to the elasticity of factor substitution in different industries.The third level: investigate the influence of artificial intelligence on wages.The theoretical model of this level is mainly based on the model analysis of the above two levels,which is obtained by further deductive analysis and reasoning,and the model construction method is the same as the above analysis.Empirical test is based on theoretical analysis,and this paper also discusses it from three levels.The first level,aiming at the influence of artificial intelligence on total employment,explores the influence of artificial intelligence on employment from two aspects: comprehensive effect and sub-effect.Using the panel data of China’s provincial level from 2006 to 2019,the development level of artificial intelligence is measured by robot installation density,in which the variable of robot installation density is measured by Bartik tool variable method.Finally,the relationship between artificial intelligence and employment is analyzed with the help of fixed effect model.The results show that artificial intelligence can significantly improve the overall employment level in China from the perspective of comprehensive effects.From the result of effect decomposition,the contribution of artificial intelligence to China’s overall employment level is about18.952%.In addition,the research on employment situation in different regions in this paper shows that there are still great differences in the influence of artificial intelligence on employment level in different regions.The second level,aiming at the influence of artificial intelligence on employment structure,investigates from the perspectives of labor skill structure and industrial structure.From the perspective of skill structure,the employment level of different skilled labors is measured by the proportion of employed persons with different education levels,and the labor force above junior college level is further regarded as a high-skilled labor force,and the labor force below junior college level is regarded as a low-skilled labor force for concrete analysis.The empirical results show that artificial intelligence can promote the optimization of labor skill structure.Specifically,artificial intelligence has a negative impact on low-skilled labor,but it has a significant positive impact on high-skilled labor.From the perspective of industrial structure,the empirical test shows that artificial intelligence will not only reduce the employment level of manufacturing labor force,but also improve the overall employment level of service industry,thus promoting the transfer of labor force to service sector,which is conducive to the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure.In addition,the research of various sub-sectors within the manufacturing industry in this paper found that artificial intelligence has the greatest adverse impact on the electronic communication industry.The third level,aiming at the impact of artificial intelligence on wages: based on the analysis of the impact of artificial intelligence on employment,further explore the impact of artificial intelligence on wages.The results show that: from the national level,the development and application of artificial intelligence will improve the average wage level of China’s labor force;From the perspective of regional differences,artificial intelligence plays a greater role in promoting wages in coastal and southwest areas;From the point of view of different skilled labor groups,artificial intelligence helps to improve the average wage level of high-skilled labor,and at the same time significantly reduces the overall wage level of low-skilled labor groups,thus widening the wage gap between the two labor groups again;From the perspective of different industries,the development of artificial intelligence will increase the average wage level of service industry relative to manufacturing industry.Specifically,artificial intelligence helps to raise the average wage of the labor force in the service sector,but it has no significant impact on the wage level of the manufacturing industry.Based on the above analysis and exploration of the actual influence of artificial intelligence on employment and wage level,this paper puts forward some targeted suggestions,including giving full play to the main role of scientific and technological innovation and promoting the high-quality development of the labor market;Strengthen education and vocational skills training,and comprehensively improve the quality of labor force;Promote the development of emerging industries and promote the integration of technology and industry;Formulate policies and measures according to local conditions,focusing on the development of intelligent industries and the matching of regional labor supply;Policy suggestions on perfecting institutional arrangements and preventing social risks.