The Influence Of Physical Fitness Training Of Chinese Single-handed Dinghy Sailors On Hiking Performance

Sailing is a wind-driven sport.During windward sailing,sailors must hike to counter the boat’s capsizing caused by the wind,to ensure that the boat moves smoothly at high speed.Hiking performance is an important factor to determine the sailors’ race performance,and the physical fitness is one of the key factors to affect hiking performance.Although Chinese single-handed dinghy has achieved excellent results,there are still many difficulties in training.At present,there are not enough theoretical researches about the hiking of single-handed dinghy sailors.There is no quantitative and standard evaluation of the hiking performance.The evaluation of the hiking physical fitness is not systematic,the training method is single and the conversion efficiency is low,and other problems need to be solved.The purpose of this study is to develop an evaluation scheme that can comprehensively and systematically evaluate the hiking performance of Chinese single-handed dinghy sailors,and to solve the problem that there is no quantitative and standard evaluation of the hiking performance in the present training.To design a physical fitness training scheme that can improve the hiking performance of Chinese single-handed dinghy sailors,to enrich the theoretical research of sailing events,and to promote the development of sailing training practice.In this study,literature method,expert interview,questionnaire survey,mathematical statistics and other research methods were used to determine the hiking performance and physical fitness evaluation scheme of Chinese single-handed dinghy sailors,analyze the basis for the formulation of the physical fitness training scheme,and improve the physical fitness training equipment.Twelve sailors were selected as experimental subjects to carry out 26-week self-control experiment before and after.The sailors were divided into two groups to carry out an 8-week simulation training program and a routine training program respectively.After a 6-week washout period,the 8-week training programs was exchanged and implemented.The hiking performance test and hiking physical fitness test were conducted before and after each implementation of the training program.Two-factor ANOVA was used to determine the effects of different training programs and training effects on the hiking performance and physical fitness indexes,and the LSD method was used to analyze the differences between the different levels in the post-test.After research and analysis,the thesis makes the following conclusions:1.The hiking performance evaluation scheme developed in this paper includes hiking performance scoring and windward sailing test.The hiking performance scoring is based on the hiking performance scoring rules by coaches,and the hiking performance scoring of the sailors is rated by the "Chinese sailors hiking performance scoring tablet",which includes 4 basic technical scoring points and 6 validity scoring points.The windward sailing test was evaluated by measuring the boat speed,VMG and balance time percentage of the first windward leg of the sailor in 10 rounds of the race.The effectiveness of the hiking performance evaluation scheme was verified by using the sailors’ first windward leg ranking in 10 rounds of the race.The results showed that the hiking performance score,boat speed,VMG and the first windward leg ranking were closely related.The sailors with higher ranking in the first windward leg had higher hiking performance score,boat speed,VMG and balance time percentage.This evaluation scheme can effectively solve the problem of no quantitative and standardized hiking performance evaluation in present training.2.The evaluation of hiking physical fitness of Chinese single-handed dinghy sailors developed in this paper includes hiking physical fitness evaluation index system and simulated hiking test.The hiking physical fitness evaluation index system includes three first-level indexes of body shape,function and sport quality and seven second-level indexes,and twenty third-level indexes.The reliability of Cronbach’s αcoefficient and the expert evaluation results showed that the hiking physical fitness evaluation index system has good reliability and validity.The simulated hiking test method is 4*3 min simulated hiking test,which reflects the physiological changes,muscle activity status and fatigue of hiking by recording the changes of physiological indexes,RPE and EMG signals during the test,and evaluates the hiking physical fitness of sailors.This evaluation scheme was unanimously approved by experts and coaches,which can systematically evaluate the hiking physical fitness of single-handed dinghy sailors and lay the foundation for testing the effect of physical fitness training.3.The analysis of the movement system that affects hiking performance of single-handed dinghy sailors shows that the skeletal system has the characteristics of alternately flexion and extension and rotation of the upper body based on sagittal plane movement of segments.The muscular system has the characteristics of stable muscle contraction such as transverse abdominal muscle and internal oblique abdominal muscle to maintain spinal stability,and the movement muscles such as quadriceps femoris and rectus abdominis generate and transmit force.The nervous system has the characteristics of feeling the changes of the environment to produce different hiking movements to balance the hull.The analysis of the physical fitness that affects hiking performance of single-handed dinghy sailors shows that sailors’ body shape has the characteristics of balance of height,weight and BMI within a certain range.Sailors’ physical function has the characteristics of big proportion of aerobic energy supply,high heart rate and low oxygen uptake,and small proportion of anaerobic energy supply.Sailors’ sports quality has the characteristics of the level of strength and endurance determines the quality of the hiking performance.The analysis of the movement system and physical fitness that affects the hiking performance of single-boat sailors provides the basis for the development of hiking physical fitness training scheme.4.The improved hiking bench adds multi-functional tension belt,adjustable spring device and unbalanced support surface on the basis of the original hiking bench,which solves the problems of lack of upper limb practice means,difficulty in adjusting and quantifying the hiking load,too static training and lack of confrontation simulation,realizes more effective hiking movement simulation and enriches the land training methods.5.The physical training scheme designed in this paper includes simulation and routine training programs.The simulation training program includes 2 hiking bench training sessions,5 physical training sessions and 5 on-water training sessions per week,and the routine training program includes 5 physical training sessions and 7on-water training sessions per week.Experiments showed that both training programs were effective in improving the hiking performance,body function and sport quality,and the economy of simulated hiking test of single-handed dinghy sailors.Simulation training program has better improvement effect on boat speed and balance time percentage in windward leg,as well as muscle work capacity and delay fatigue in simulated hiking test,while routine training has more improvement on VMG in windward leg.The core element of the sailors’ hiking performance improvement is the change of hiking physical fitness,good aerobic and anaerobic capacity and strength and endurance are the key.When the environmental conditions on the water cannot meet the training requirements,the hiking training sessions can be used instead of the training sessions on the water to ensure the systematic training and improve the training quality.