| Innovation drives economic growth in the era of knowledge economy.The universities meet the times requirements to improve the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and play an important role in building an innovative country and innovation driving development strategy.As the main body of carrying the "third mission",university teachers complete their historical mission with academic entrepreneurship.There are few studies on academic entrepreneurship of university teachers,especially local university teachers.This thesis takes this as the theme.This thesis focuses on the following research questions:(1)what is the actual situation of university teachers’ academic entrepreneurship?(2)What are the structural factors that affect the academic entrepreneurship of university teachers?(3)What is the income of academic entrepreneurship of university teachers,and the relationship between the forms of academic entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship income? Based on academic entrepreneurship ecosystem,this study adopts the mixed research method of quantitative and qualitative.Taking the local university teachers in Hangzhou as the research object,223 valid questionnaires were collected by using the method of questionnaire survey.Using semi-structured interviews,20 university teachers,4administrators and 2 students were interviewed.It studies the real state,individual difference comparison,influence mechanism,entrepreneurial income and so on.At present,the forms of academic entrepreneurship are generally defined in a broad sense in the international,but in a narrow sense in China.This study uses a broad definition.The conclusions are as follows:Firstly,there is the actual state of university teachers’ academic entrepreneurship behavior and forms.(1)Academic engagement is the most popular and academic commercialization is the least;commissioned technological development is the most widely participated activity and establishing research institutions with enterprises is the least.(2)There are significant differences in academic entrepreneurial behavior in gender,age,professional title,disciplines and working years.(3)Further analysis shows that men are more engaged in entrepreneurial activities than women;41-50 age group is more involved in the exchange of knowledge and talents;there are significant differences in academic entrepreneurial activities between professors and lecturers;science teachers are more involved in academic entrepreneurial activities than liberal arts teachers;doctoral degree teachers are more likely to participate in academic engagement activities and exchange of knowledge and talents;university teachers who have worked for 21-30 years are more engaged in academic entrepreneurship activities.Secondly,there are a series of structural factors affecting university teachers’ academic entrepreneurship.(1)On the individual level,the individual characteristics and the motivation determine the decision-making and forms of university teachers’ academic entrepreneurship.(2)On the organizational level,academic entrepreneurship is influenced by college and school organizations positively or negatively.Disciplines have a significant impact on academic entrepreneurship.School leadership attitude and university management system have an inhibitory effect on academic entrepreneurship of university teachers.(3)On the environmental level,Hangzhou’s entrepreneurial culture,atmosphere,policy promote academic entrepreneurial activities.However,the swing of national policies restricts university teachers’ academic entrepreneurial behaviors.Thirdly,it is relationship between academic entrepreneurial forms and entrepreneurial income of university teachers.(1)Academic entrepreneurial income can be divided into internal income and external income.Through multiple regression analysis,it is found that new technology companies,patent transfer,commissioned technological development and employees training have a significant positive impact on the academic entrepreneurial income.New technology companies,patent transfer and employees training have a significant positive impact on the internal income,while patent transfer,commissioned technological development and employees training have a significant positive impact on the external income.(2)Through interviews,it is found that the academic entrepreneurial effects of university teachers can be divided into positive effects and negative effects.Besides the internal and external,the positive effects include self-development,professional improvement and students’ harvest,and the negative effects include the balance among academic entrepreneurship and teaching,scientific research and life,the scattered projects not conducive to the growth of young teachers,difficulty to transform academic achievements,and the adverse consequences of transformation failure.Based on the above research findings,this thesis proposes three measures.Governments should design academic entrepreneurship policies systematically to optimize the ecological environment.Local universities and colleges should make clear boundaries and establish an appropriate academic entrepreneurship culture.University teachers need to change their ideas,make clear positioning,and choose the right forms of academic entrepreneurship activities. |
