The Subaltern Production Of The Returned Young Peasants Under The Perspective Of Life Course Theory

The changing times and social transformation means that the new generation of the age groups and social groups come into being,the returned young peasants is a generation in the period of social transformation and reform and opening,there are not only the brand of social accelerating transition in their life but also a replacement of generation.The study of the theme is the returned young peasants born after 1980 who comes up in the three social issues:social transformation,institutional change and the generational replacement,and they belong to the marginal groups who are thrown out of the social structure.Their life courses are embedded in the process of social transformation.Their childhood lives,education experiences,working lives and the lives of returning home are shaped by the structural factors of national system and policy adjustments and so on.Of course,it is sure that they can show their own initiatives and the fates of the struggle in limited choices.They completed the construction of the subaltern identity and the subaltern social reproduction by the interaction between social structure and social action.In the evolution process of theory,the social transformation and the life chance of subaltern groups,the social mobility and the status of subaltern groups,the school education and the academic tradition of subaltern reproduction,and the subaltern society and the edge of research of disadvantaged groups provide an important theoretical reference together from the macro structure and micro action.These studies reflect in different side that how social class status and cultural education affect individual life.It’s significant to provide diverse theoretical perspectives between the life course of returned young peasants and the subaltern social reproduction.However,all these studies ignored the dynamic changing process of individual life course.They even didn’t consider the complex role in individuals and underclass’s identities produced by time,space and situation.This study will reference the existing theoretical perspective and aims to explore the relation between the life course of the returned young peasants,the subaltern social identity and the subaltern social production.The group’s life time is lasting with intertwined time,space and situation.They went through the four stages of life:childhood experience,school education,working life and the return home.The childhood experiences and memories of returned young peasants not only represents a past life experience,but also means that the current local social emotions,feelings,experiences and identity,power relations between the past and present.The childhood memories in rural areas are a kind of "suffering" memory.the shortage of materials,similar to the adult experience of housework and inferior family environment and so on constitute their life situation,which limits the city migrant workers achieve social interaction and social identity.The natural "peasant" status affects the life evolution and the families just fulfill the subsistence needs but can’t guarantee their years of schooling.Above all of this with the low cultural quality of parents and their homogeneous social network enforce them staying in underclass society and fighting with destiny on the edge of survival.In the period of school,the terminate support by parents and families makes them learn that study is the only way to realize their upward mobility.However,they usually behave badly in school and developed the "anti-school culture" contraries to mainstream culture and values.That means they have begun to admit their inferior position.The inferior position is the result of the macro education system and the micro education situation.The gradient screening mechanism and micro scene arrangement institution make them be eliminated by the educational streaming institution.The returned young peasants who can’t achieve a success in education begin to go out to find a new development.Thus they become migrant workers to achieve their upward mobility,but when they enter the city to get work,they find that they can only be in the secondary labor market to seek manual labor occupation.In this process,the return in the city’s working life has been broke by variety of unexpected event so that inadvertently achieved frequent replacement work wandering,eventually unable to adapt to the social life in the city.And their city life is always a "marginal person" city experience,"for work experience to technology" and "short" work experience.The bottom life experience is resulted by the complexed factors such as the household registration system,labor market segmentation and their "reject city working" culture.Failed in the city labor market,the youth was obliged to go home.In daily economic activities,with their "breadwinner" to live,they showed the economic behavior and family division forming a new trend to "Removal of agricultural".In daily life,the returned young peasants experience the difference of village life and city life which promote a more profound understanding of the value of countryside life,their life and leisure experience are more consistent with their deep meaning of life.In terms of the fate of life,they gradually began to realize the necessity of structure factors and random factors influent their life.Their life experience also shows from political liberation to transition of political life,"live for themselves" becomes their pursuit of life.In the process of social practice,people’s social action is embedded in the social structure,the social life embedded in specific social relations,which determines the individual’s life course has certain social attributes.Effects of role conversion process of rural life not only is the life time series and arrangement the adjustment,but also the role transformation and adjustment process from family to school and then to the city market.In this process,their life course is shaped by national system,economic capital,political power and cultural norms.Therefore,their life history has obvious institutional change.On the time,the life course showing openness and horizontal.In the course of human life,the individual growth experience show continuity and some continuity in time,the continuous and sustained performance of life course reflected in rural life is Transitional,cumulative,phased and trajectory.In addition,the "Returning Rural Youth" always wandering in the bottom of the society,their life course was performed as Institutional bottom,structural bottom and relational bottom.Elder said that human can choose to walk their road but these choices can’t be done without society.All life choices depend on social and cultural opportunities and constraints of history.Bottom production is shaped together by social system,cultural habitus and social relations.It’s also affected by the national,social capital,structural strength,the main social and culture,the internalization of rules,initiative action and underlying identity.In practice,the system factors in objective restricting the youth’s upward mobility,showing a Flow barrier as "ceiling effect".The returned young peasants make their own choice in the regulations by wishes and preferences.Their bottom production is the process of struggle with fate and a subject of identity construction.In short,the formation of underlying social identity and the fate of the bottom production reflect both the structural arrangement in system and initiative choice.The destiny of bottom fate production is a continuous process in returned young peasant’s society life.They along the rural disadvantaged road to start their own destiny:firstly,out of education and get migrant workers,then return to life.They also in a disadvantage cycle:disadvantaged families,low education,manual labor,low wages,high elimination rate and return to rural life.