Research On The Cultivation Of "Practical Rationality" In Ideological And Political Education

An important task of ideological and political education is to cultivate the "practical rationality" of the learners.Practice is the way and essential feature of ideological and political education,and it is also the foundation for learners to correctly understand and grasp the laws of ideological and political education.The rational research on the practice of ideological and political education constitutes an effective foundation for the practicality and value of the discipline of ideological and political education,which is conducive to enhancing the pertinence and effectiveness of ideological and political education,and thus promoting the modernization development of ideological and political education.However,there is a difference between Marx and Kant in their understanding of "practical rationality".The moral principles and practices of Kant have certain positive significance,but also have historical limitations.Marx criticized the idealistic errors of Kant’s moral principles and made historical materialist reforms.Kant based his theory on human nature and distinguished the essential rules between humans and animals through reason.He believed that humans are rational beings,and their prior basis is reason.However,unlike the morality of sacred rational beings,the particularity of human nature is reflected in the "finite" scale of human nature."Finite" and "reason" together constitute the characteristics of human nature,and the two interact and influence each other.The core of Kant’s moral principle is freedom.Kant divided it into two categories: prior freedom and practical freedom,explaining the freedom attribute of human beings at the level of will.He believed that the purpose of reason is to freely communicate and seek truth,and to seek truth and virtue through free discussion and rational argumentation.The external manifestation of truth is human morality.In Kant’s view,practical reason is the legislator of morality,and moral infinity tends towards reason.Therefore,human moral realm also tends towards infinity.Due to the fact that moral laws are innate laws based on reason,the universal inevitability of moral laws inevitably needs to rely on a specific and definite way to regulate human will,that is,moral commands.The suppression of emotional desires by moral commands has led to a contradiction and conflict between happiness and morality.Therefore,Kant established three major suspensions in response to the "dichotomy" of practical rationality.However,Kant’s moral principles have a certain degree of nihilism,relativism,and metaphysical characteristics in their practical validity.Marx believed that practical rationality is not innate in the mind,but formed in practice.Therefore,it should be avoided to start from abstract human nature theory,but rather based on practical theory.Discussing whether human thinking has objective truth is actually a practical problem.Marx takes materialism as the theoretical foundation,political and economic criticism as the methodology,and social reality and real life as the research basis.He examines human perceptual practical activities,interprets moral issues in material production activities and social relations,and seeks the path of comprehensive human development,freedom,and liberation.Marx’s materialist view of history can also be called the practical materialist view of history,which endows the practical subject with survival value through the ontology of practice and the epistemology of practice.In Marx’s view,practical rationality is gradually formed by the practical ability of the subject under the guidance of rational cognitive ability in the subject’s activities.He integrated and implemented the scientific theory of practical rationality into the materialist study of human social history,making great contributions to the development and progress of theoretical research in human social sciences.Based on Marx’s practical rationality view,this paper analyzes the theoretical basis for the practical research of ideological and political education,laying a solid theoretical foundation for the innovation of ideological and political education practice.As a practical activity to cultivate practical rationality,ideological and political education should promote innovation in the cultivation path based on reflection and criticism,and explore the essence of practical rationality through creating situations and social practice.Ideological and political education cultivates the correct values of learners through "theoretical rationality",guides learners to gradually turn to "practical rationality" through "theoretical rationality",and ultimately enables learners to consciously practice "practical rationality" in social practice,in order to realize their own value.