The Study Of Transitional Justice In The Paris Commune

Marxism is the doctrine of the complete emancipation of the world proletariat and of all mankind,"for the equal rights and equal duties of all." Therefore,how to change from a materialized society to an equal society of adults is the Marxist social transformation justice.Looking back at history,because the Paris Commune is the first great attempt of proletarian power in human history,indicating that the Paris Commune is the first annotation of Marxist transitional justice,the author chooses the Paris Commune as a typical study of transitional justice,so as to drive the general study of the whole field of transitional justice research.Moreover,the study of transitional justice of the Paris Commune can also examine,respond to and criticize the non-Marxist positions,viewpoints and methods of modern western transitional justice.We should examine its content and logic,so as to realize the Marxist reconstruction of contemporary transitional justice theory.The article is divided into the following parts: the correspondence between Marxist theory and the transitional justice of Paris Commune;The study of the transitional justice practice of the Paris Commune from different perspectives,that is,the study of the violent revolution and the social revolution;A study on the enlightenment of transitional justice in Paris Commune.The first part is the correspondence between Marxist theory and the transitional justice of Paris Commune.On the one hand,Marx and Engels summarized the social transformation of the proletariat in the Communist Manifesto as the abolition of private property,the overthrow of capitalism and the dictatorship of the proletariat.On the other hand,Marx,in the Civil War in France,affirmed the Paris Commune at the centre of the old government machine,initially destroying it and replacing it with real autonomy.By studying the correspondence between Marxist theory and the principles,history and logic of the Paris Commune’s transformation justice,we can draw the following conclusions: Marx and Engels believed that the social transformation of the proletariat needed to eliminate private property,and the social transformation practice of the Paris Commune eliminated the private property of French capitalism;The social transformation of the proletariat requires the overthrow of capitalism and the violent revolution,through which the Paris Commune successfully overthrew the Thiers government in 1871;The social transformation of the proletariat requires the dictatorship of the proletariat to promote social transformation,and the Paris Commune became the first proletarian regime in world history.It can be seen that the above three points are consistent with the Marxist concept of social transformation.Therefore,after determining the theoretical basis of the transitional justice of the whole Paris Commune,it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the practice of transitional justice of the Paris Commune,and further explain why the social transformation of the Paris Commune represents the true sense of transitional justice through the detailed elaboration of the specific content of the practice of transitional justice of the Commune.Because of this,the author decides to use vertical and horizontal perspectives to conduct in-depth research and systematic interpretation around the transitional justice practice of Paris Commune.The second part,the study of the Paris Commune’s transitional justice practice from the vertical perspective,represents a historical interpretation,referring to the time line of "before the violent revolution","during the violent revolution" and "after the violent revolution".Historical facts have long proved that the proletariat itself craves peace,and that it is only under the merciless exploitation and cruel persecution of the bourgeoisie that it is forced to take up arms and embark on the road of violent revolution,a transformation not only of the injustices of the French bourgeoisie,but also of the inherent injustices of capitalism.For the Paris Commune,only by means of violent revolution can proletarian power be achieved,so as to promote the innovation in all fields of society and achieve the goal of transforming justice in an all-round way.In the process of studying the violent revolution of the Paris Commune,we should not only clarify the injustice of the French bourgeois government through the background of the violent revolution,but also analyze the whole process of the violent revolution of the Paris Commune,and find the experience and lessons and redeemable points that it brought to the transitional justice of the proletariat in the restored historical data.Finally,Marxist theory can examine the success and failure of the Paris Commune,and further confirm the social transformation justice of the Paris Commune from the practical level by summarizing and combing the impact of the violent revolutionary practice of the Paris Commune.The third part,the research on the justice practice of the Paris Commune transformation from a horizontal perspective,represents a synchronistic interpretation,referring to the spatial line of social revolution around different fields of Paris society with the commune as the main body,involving social content including politics,economy,culture and education.After the violent revolution,the commune promulgated and implemented many transitional justice measures in different areas of society,which,from the perspective of the proletariat,attempted to build a society that was democratic,equal,free and just,and fully protected the interests of the proletariat.Through the study of the social transformation practice in different fields of the Paris Commune,we can see that the transformation justice of the Paris Commune has liberated people from the alienated labor such as corvee labor and wage labor,and transformed the alienated labor into self-conscious labor.From the perspective of Marxist concept of social transformation,Paris Commune established socialist public ownership by changing ownership of means of production,distribution and consumption system,labor relations,etc.Through democratic elections,supervision,and recall,we built a low-cost government that empathized with the people and promoted socialist political transformation.Through digesting the achievements of proletarian revolution,protecting cultural heritage,and combining propaganda with socialism,it led the cultural transformation of Marxism.By eliminating the spiritual manipulation of the church government,replacing family education with social education,and combining education with material production,the reform of the proletarian educational system was completed.Through the explanation of the above measures of social revolution,it is once again confirmed that the Paris Commune and Marxism fit,and the Paris Commune realized the social transformation justice.The fourth part is the revelation study of the Paris Commune’s transitional justice.After a complete discussion of the whole process of social transitional justice of the Paris Commune,it is necessary to analyze the failure of the transitional justice of the Paris Commune and draw lessons from it,which is not only the reflection of the value of the study of the transitional justice of the Paris Commune,but also the answer to "what is the result of the transitional justice of the Paris Commune?".Moreover,the lack of transitional justice of the Paris Commune can be elevated to a theoretical level and become a reference for the proletariat’s thoughts and actions of transitional justice.It is precisely on the basis of absorbing the experience and lessons of the Paris Commune that the transitional justice of socialist society can achieve success.Finally,in view of the historical origin of the Paris Commune’s transitional justice and the different class positions of the two theories,the author,from the standpoint of Marxist researchers,attempts to conduct a content review,logical review and realistic reconstruction of the contemporary transitional justice theory.To sum up,the Paris Commune,as the origin of the contemporary theory of transitional justice,has finally confirmed its important research value through detailed discussion of "what is the transitional justice of the Paris Commune,why is the social transformation of the Paris Commune just,how does the Paris Commune carry out the transitional justice,and what is the result of the transitional justice of the Paris Commune" stage by stage.Broadening the research horizon of modern transitional justice is the realisation of the transitional justice of the proletariat.