| The relationship between the state and society,and between the government and the peasants,has always been an important topic in the study of political science.As the basic mechanism of national governance and an important method for deepening reform,rural policy pilot is an important link to realize the organic connection between the state,society,government and farmers,and has outstanding practical significance for improving national governance capacity,deepening rural social development,and ensuring the protection of farmers’ interests.From the perspective of research,most of the existing research on policy pilots focuses on the control behavior of the central government,the autonomous behavior of local governments,and the interaction between the behavior of the central and local governments,and rarely focuses on the micro-investigation of policy pilots.From the perspective of research content,there are still theoretical difficulties in the existing research on rural policy pilots,and there is still a narrow theory of "talking about pilots",and the attention to the differences within the pilots is slightly insufficient,and the ability to explain the differences in the effectiveness of rural policy pilots in the same region is slightly limited.Based on this,this paper takes the theory of national autonomy as the support and the explanatory framework of "state embedding-rural response",and analyzes the pilot reform of rural homestead system in Longmen County,Guangdong Province from the perspective of the dual relationship between national autonomy and rural autonomy,so as to explore the internal logic of the difference in the effectiveness of rural policy pilots.This paper follows the research idea of "problem determination-framework constructionempirical research-summary and improvement",takes the pilot effect of national embedding in rural society as the research object,and deeply discusses the logical relationship between "national embedding-rural response" and the effectiveness of policy pilot.Based on the analytical framework of "national embedding-rural response",The vivid and multifaceted pilot practice of rural homestead system reform has formed at least three pilot promotion methods,and thus triggered the differentiated expression of pilot results: First,the "task-based" pilot,that is,when the pilot is implemented,the government has to reduce the pilot goal to complete the "basic task" because it is difficult to mobilize the active participation of rural society,gradually losing the dominant position of the pilot.Second,the "plus-code" pilot,that is,when implementing the policy pilot,the government always grasps the process and rhythm of the policy pilot,and the rural society is in a passive obedience position,resulting in the pilot "self-plus" outside the prescribed actions.Third,the "bright" pilot,that is,in the process of policy pilot,the government embeds a positive interaction with the rural response,and the autonomous village and the service-oriented government are effectively combined,and the pilot is promoted to actively improve quality and efficiency.Based on the comparative analysis of multiple cases,the study concludes that first,the formation of the pilot effect is the result of the interaction between the state and rural society,that is,the rural policy pilot is subject to the dual role of state embedding and rural response,follows the dual laws of national logic and local logic,and surpasses the one-sided focus of existing research on "national logic".Second,national embedding is the basic variable for the formation of various pilot results,and national embedding stipulates the minimum goal of policy pilots in the form of national will to complete basic tasks,but the higher the degree of embedding does not mean that the pilot results are better,because the rural response is the decisive variable for the effectiveness of the pilot.It can be said that the combined interaction of different "state embedding-rural responses" is the ultimate cause of shaping the effectiveness of differentiated pilots,among which moderate state embedding and independent rural responses are the optimal interaction to achieve the ideal results of rural policy pilots.Third,Under three pilot promotion methods,the interaction and game between the state and rural society will also derive different combinations of national autonomy and rural autonomy.On the one hand,the tension between national autonomy and rural autonomy is the practical expression of the effectiveness of the pilot.When rural autonomy is embedded in national autonomy,policy intent is distorted,resulting in the worst pilot results;When rural autonomy is separated from national autonomy,the policy legitimacy foundation is weak,resulting in low pilot results.When rural autonomy and national autonomy are coupled,a win-win situation of strong implementation of policy intent and positive recognition of policy content is achieved,and the pilot has the best results.In other words,the existence of the tension between national autonomy and rural autonomy is the fundamental reason for the differentiated results of rural policy pilots.On the other hand,the fragmentation of national autonomy restricts rural autonomy and the effectiveness of policy pilots.When the state is too strong,the autonomous space of rural society will be squeezed to a certain extent;If the state weakens,rural autonomy will rebound and even challenge national autonomy;Only when the state is in a moderate state does rural autonomy show a more benign development trend,and in any case,it will have a restraining effect on the effectiveness of the pilot.On the one hand,the research on the difference in the effectiveness of China’s rural policy pilots from the perspective of national autonomy theory expands the research at the micro level of China’s policy pilots,realizes the effective linkage between macro theory and micro practice,and to a certain extent,makes up for some gaps in the research on the relationship between the state and society in the policy pilots.On the other hand,based on the living practice of China,this study expands the theoretical and empirical research on national autonomy,and provides empirical support for the sinicization of the theory of national autonomy.It can be said that the national autonomy that interacts with rural autonomy in a specific context breaks through the limitations of the current single perspective of studying policy pilots from the perspective of the "state",and further enriches the theory of localized national autonomy.In addition,from the perspective of the macro goal of the central government to carry out rural policy pilots on a regional scale,it is hoped that a number of advanced experiences that can be replicated,replicated and benefit people’s livelihood are explored and summarized in the pilot process.Therefore,the mechanism of generating effective pilot experience and the optimization of the path from "pilot" to "demonstration" are also naturally considered in scope.According to the research results,the optimization of the interaction mechanism between the state and rural society in the pilot and the construction of the "partnership" mutual promotion relationship between the two are possible paths to promote the transformation of "pilot" to "demonstration".Specific to the pilot operation in micro practice,specific actors should be regarded as the key factors to be considered in the future implementation of rural pilot projects. |
