Research On Chinese Communist Party’s Practical Exploration On Controlling Capital

Capital is a self-enhancing value and an exploitative social relationship based on private ownership of the means of production.It is the mission and goal of the communists to correctly understand and manage the relationship with capital and to achieve the emancipation of the working class.Over the past hundred years,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has developed a Chinese road to control capital,realizing the unification of the logic of human development and the logic of capital,and Sinicized Marx’s classical theory of capital.Scholars have studied this Chinese road and concluded that the key to the CPC’s success in controlling capital lies in the establishment of a socialist economic system in which " public ownership serving as its main body but allowing for the development of all types of ownership".Based on previous studies,this thesis proposes a new perspective on the CPC’s exploration of capital management practices by applying the methods of basic and major contradiction analysis,historical research,comparative research and the unification of history and logic,and constructs a research framework consisting of "land system,ownership of the means of production and financial system".It systematically analyses the CPC’s active exploration of capital management in different periods and summarizes the basic experiences throughout,in an attempt to better understand how the CPC achieved capital management and how it responded to the new challenges of capital development.Marx’s theory of capital and Lenin’s practical explorations together form the theoretical basis for the CPC’s mastery of capital.In his critique of capital,Marx took a dialectical view of the civilized side of capital and argued that capital’s internal drive for self-enhancement could promote the development of the social productive forces and satisfy the material and cultural needs of the people.However,the only way to fundamentally curb the phenomenon of capital’s self-enhancement,the appropriation of surplus value and the exploitation of labour,was to establish a socialist system of public ownership,liberate labour from capital exploitation and achieve the complete and free development of people.Lenin led the Russian people to establish the first proletarian state,going beyond Marx’s prediction of a future society founded in an extremely developed capitalist society.Under Marx’s guidance,Lenin implemented the "New Economic Policy",which mainly consisted of replacing the surplus grain collection system with a grain tax,restoring commodity-money relations and developing the functions of the banking market,took a path of absorbing and using the achievements of capitalist civilization to cross the "Kafting Gorge" of capitalism.According to Marx’s analysis of the distribution and appropriation of surplus value,the surplus value created by labour is ultimately divided into four parts: landowners receive land rent,capitalists receive profit,bankers receive interest and labourers receive wages.Therefore,this study constructs an analytical framework consisting of the land system,the ownership of the means of production and the financial system together to sort out the century-long exploratory practice of the CPC in controlling capital.During the New Democratic Revolution,in the face of the oppression of the people by the "three big mountains",the CPC identified the elimination of feudal private ownership of land as the core issue of the Chinese revolution,and led the peasants in an agrarian revolution to overthrow the feudal patriarchal rule of the landlords and gentry by virtue of their land ownership.At the same time,the CPC led the proletariat and united the national capital to carry out the New Democratic Revolution,overthrowing the semi-colonial economic and political rule formed by the collusion of imperialism and bureaucratic capitalism,establishing the dictatorship of the revolutionary classes under the leadership of the proletariat,and creating the conditions for the transformation of capital and the establishment of a socialist society.After the founding of PRC,faced with the economic blockade and threat of war from the capitalist camp led by the United States,the CPC made the development of heavy industry and defense industry its main task in order to satisfy the people’s desire for security and stability.Based on the confiscation of bureaucratic capital and the redemption of national capital,the CPC achieved full public ownership of the means of production with social transformation,and with the cooperation of the collectivization of agriculture to provide primitive accumulation for industry and a unified and centralized financial and fiscal system to deploy funds for industry,it established an independent and relatively complete industrial system and national economic system,and successfully achieved a high-tech breakthrough in national defense.All these not only won a legal seat in the United Nations,but also won a safe and stable development environment for the subsequent opening up to the outside world.During the period of reform and opening up,in order to incentivize all positive factors in the service of socialism,the CPC carried out a comprehensive reform of the economic system using capital,forming a basic economic system in which "public ownership serving as its main body but allowing for the development of all types of ownership".The Party has also reformed the financial system to provide more flexible and efficient financial support for the various economic components of the socialist market economy,and has achieved rapid social and economic development.The mismatch between the backward in material,culture and the needs of the people has changed,and China’s development has entered a new era.The comprehensive use of capital in the process of reform and opening up has developed the social economy,but it has also caused unbalanced and insufficient development due to the blind disorder of capital.In order to make better use of capital and control it,the CPC has carried out the reform of the "separation of three rights" of rural land,releasing more agricultural labour to participate in economic construction,consolidating and developing public capital to implement China’s socialist system,encouraging and supporting non-public capital to continue to promote the development of social productive forces,and constantly improving the financial capital system to support various economic components while preventing and resolving systemic risks,and to promote the transformation of China’s economic development from high speed to high quality.Over the past hundred years,the CPC has controlled capital to achieve national liberation and independence,rapid economic development and long-term social stability,and the total elimination of absolute poverty,truly balancing the civilizing aspects of developing capital with limiting its negative effects.Through a review of the CPC’s management of capital over the past century,it can be seen that,although the realistic aims and methods of managing capital differed at different stages,the Party’s centralized and unified leadership of capital work,the concept of capital development in which the people come first,the promotion of the Sinicize and modernization of Marx’s capital theory,the pursuit of the road of managing capital with Chinese characteristics,the establishment of a united front to make good use of and manage capital,and the promotion of the healthy development of the capital system through the building of the Party have been experiences throughout the centuries.The establishment of the basic socialist economic system means that capital will exist and be socialist for a long time,and these experiences are important guidance for China in dealing with the new challenges of capital development today.By using experience as principles and methods,we can better realize the mastery of capital.