A Study On Marx’s Thought Of Labor Emancipation And Its Contemporary Value

In academic circles,the traditional research of Marx’s theory of human emancipation overemphasizes the object dimension of "social emancipation",and focuses on the interpretation of historical development and human emancipation based on the dialectical movement of productive forces and relations of production.Therefore,the basic social contradiction,class,state,revolution and social form have become the key words to study the issue of human emancipation.Although this kind of research is necessary,it ignores the subject dimension of "labor liberation",which is related to humanity care and ultimate concern.Marx’s philosophy is not concerned with the epistemology of "explaining the world",but with the way of existence and living situation of real people,namely the "liberation" problem.As an important dimension and core connotation of human liberation,labor liberation is undoubtedly the theme of Marx’s philosophy.Marx put forward the scientific conclusion of "labor liberation" by criticizing the "enslavement" of human beings from the way of human existence.To realize labor liberation,to eliminate the alienation of human existence,to liberate labor(laborer)from the shackles of capital,and to realize human liberation through labor liberation became the historical mission that Marx fought for all his life.Labor liberation is Marx’s life value pursuit and humane care.Marx’s value pursuit of labor liberation experienced a deepening process from faith to science,from abstraction to concrete.From the transcendental humanistic expression of idealized labor,to the revelation of the underlying social contradictions in material production labor,and to the criticism of wage labor and capital under the capitalist mode of production,Marx fundamentally transcends the utopian socialist concept,the liberation of words and phrases,and the idealistic category of Hegel’s spiritual labor.From "alienated labor" to "free labor",the real liberation road is found in the rough material production practice.Labor has basic and ontological significance in Marx’s historical materialism,and is the basis and foundation for the emergence,existence and development of human and human society.In Marx’s view,labor has a double connotation,that is,the connotation of "making a living" to satisfy human’s physical existence and the connotation of "freedom" to confirm the essence of human life.Labor as "making a living" is a natural concept restricted by "external necessity",while labor as the first human need "free consciousness" is the free concept of human life expression,labor as "the first need of life",is the final destination of labor liberation.In Marx’s view,labor liberation is a category of "relations",and labor liberation is the liberation of human relations,that is,"returning human relations to people themselves",freeing people from the "natural relations","social relations" and "self-relations" of enslavement.Labor liberation is the movement of reality,not the movement of thought.The alienation of labor to free activity,not by the idea of imagination in the mind,but by practical material power and means.As an important part of Marx’s thought,labor liberation has abundant theoretical characteristics.It is the unity of reality and ideal,scientificity and revolutionary,criticality and construction.As "human nature","universal" and "epochal",the issue of labor liberation is a very important practical problem facing the development of human society and an "important event" in the modern world(in Arendt’s words).The present world history still does not surpass the problem field of Marx’s labor liberation theory.Therefore,the systematic sorting and indepth study of Marx’s thought of labor emancipation is of great practical significance not only to the development of contemporary Chinese society,but also to the solution of the contradiction between capital and labor,which is increasingly prominent in today’s world.However,with capitalism entering post-capitalism,Marx’s thought of labor liberation has been criticized and challenged by modern western thinkers.Western scholars believe that Marx’s thought of labor liberation has lost its vitality and has been unable to solve the labor problems in the post-capitalist society.Therefore,they put forward various "utopian" theories such as "symbolic exchange","communicative behavior" and "action theory" in order to negate and deconstruct Marx’s concept of labor and thought of labor liberation.From the perspective of reality,the exploration of labor liberation by western scholars undoubtedly has its own part of rationality in the post-modern society,which to some extent expands the new field of human liberation and opens up new ideas,but more often it is the distortion and misreading of Marx’s labor liberation thought.Therefore,they cannot find a real road to realize human freedom and liberation.The realization of labor liberation is an era topic that our party and state attach great importance to and urgently need to solve.It is also a major issue concerning the "labor happiness" and good life of thousands of Chinese workers.Through the century-old exploration of labor liberation,labor liberation has made certain achievements in contemporary China,but at the same time,it is also facing new situations,new challenges and new tasks.The existence of wage labor,the prevalence of alienated consumption,the lack of decent labor,the widening gap between the rich and the poor,the impact of artificial intelligence and many other labor problems,seriously hinder the realization of labor happiness and a better life.Therefore,in order to achieve labor happiness and a better life,it is urgent to solve the labor problems of contemporary Chinese society.At the present stage,in our practice of labor liberation,we must adhere to the socialist social system,public ownership and the dominant position of workers.Safeguarding workers’ rights and dignity at work;Protect the labor value of laborers;Perfect labor relations coordination mechanism,build equal and harmonious labor relations;Curb the disorderly growth of capital,rebuild the "labor standard",and create a new path of labor liberation in the new era.