Land Disposal Decisions Of Poverty Alleviation Relocation Farmers From The Perspective Of Livelihoods

The Anti-poverty by relocation is a poverty reduction measure to help the poor people who live in harsh environments.It has a great practical significance to solve the overall regional poverty and build a well-off society by the relocation of farmers.The resettled people is occurring between different types of livelihood capitals’ ownership and structure configuration from farmers,impacting on the farmers’ choice of household strategies,accelerating the transition of their livelihood models.There is an evident feature of non-farming and diversification in the relocated household livelihood.The relocation of off-site poverty alleviation is conducive to improving the farmers’ livelihood capital in general.At this stage,the relocation of poverty alleviation is closely related to the new urbanization.Land is the most important factor of survival and production for poor farmers.The function of the land has changed in the process of livelihood transition.After moving to city and town,poverty alleviation relocation farmers are not convenient to manage land.If the fixed land resources cannot be converted into floating assets,the potential income from the contracted land will become the loss of the anti-poverty by relocation.This is related to achieve the goal of accurate and precise poverty alleviation that "move out,live firmly,and can become rich".Therefore,properly disposing of contracted land for relocation households is related to the sustainable livelihood of the poor farmers,and it is related to the success or failure of China’s poverty alleviation.This paper has analysed the status status quo of the livelihood capital and contracted land disposal of rural households in poverty-stricken relocation areas,expounded how the livelihood capital act on contracted land disposal,discussed institutional constraint of famers’ contracted land disposal in the process of livelihood transformation,explored new policies of contracted land disposal.This paper has strong theoretical and practical significance to achieve poverty alleviation relocation farmers’ sustainable livelihoods and to reform the rural land system in the context of targeted poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.The first part is status analysis of livelihood capital and land disposal.This part has calculated the livelihood capital of farmers’ ownership and structure and has summarized the characteristics of livelihood change based on the survey data collected in Pingjiang county,Hunan Province.The results show that farmers’ livelihood capital has been changed,natural capital has been weakened,material capital has been gone up,financial capital has been increased,human capital has been damaged in the short term,social capital has been reduced.And then,this part has made an analysis of status quo of land disposal and found that the proportion of households who cultivates land has decreased,more farmers need to transfer land,they have to abandon land if there is a lack of smooth land transfer channels,which will lead to the waste of land resources and decrease in key livelihood support factors.The second part is mechanism analysis.This part has discussed how the livelihood capital act on livelihood strategies & livelihood strategies act on transmutation of land consciousness and land use change,and then has constructed a theoretical analysis framework of farmers’ livelihood capital affecting contracted land disposal.The level and structure of household livelihood capital have changed after the relocation,farmers rechoose livelihood strategy.Farmers’ attitudes towards land has changed when different livelihood strategies are adopted,which determines how land assets are allocated and used.Farmers’ disposal of contracted land is part of their livelihood strategy.Farmers’ livelihood capital is constantly evolving,which leads to a constant adjustment of livelihood strategies.So,the proportion of farmers choosing to cultivate land will decline further.The third part is determinants of different contracted land disposal method.This part has compared the quantity and structure of livelihood capital of different contracted land disposal method,and then analyzed the factors influencing the choice with the Multinominal Logistic Model.The results show that the material capital is directly proportional to the tendency to give up contracted land.The higher the per capita household income in financial capital,the weaker the dependence of faremers on contracted land,and the more inclined they are to transfer or abandon contracted land.The higher the level of human capital is,the better the farmers’ off-farm employment ability is,and the more likely the farmers are to choose the way of disposal of contracted land suitable for off-farm livelihood.The social capital advantage of peasant households mainly comes from the original social network at present,the higher the social capital,the more inclined to cultivate contracted land.Farmer’s livelihood capital is variably,farmers are becoming less dependent on contracted land when material capital,financial capital and human capital increase.So,the proportion of relocated farmers choosing to transfer contracted land and abandon land has increased.The final part is institutional constraints&policy optimization.This part has expounded profoundly system constraints of land disposal based on the Coleman’s Rational Choice Theory.The results show there is a lack of positive incentives for relocated farmers to continue to cultivate the contracted land in the future.Land-desertion is the passive choice of farmers under the lack of land circulation path,but it is contrary to the existing laws.The withdrawal of land contract right and the transition of farmers non-agricultural livelihood is suitably,the relocation of poverty alleviation from inhospitable areas provides an institutional opportunity for the withdrawal of contracted land.Based on the Todaro model,this part has used the survey data to analyze the poverty alleviation relocation farmers’ willingness and drawn lessons from experiences of ecological immigrant in Pingluo County.Based on analysis conclusion,this part has provided some suggestion about strengthening follow-up assistance to promote the sustainable livelihoods of relocated households,optimizing the allocation of land resources,launching for land usufruct abdication of relocation immigrant and coordinating among different departments.The main innovations of this paper are:(1)Innovation of research perspective.Taking livelihood capital as a breakthrough point,this paper studies the contracted land disposal of relocation households,which enriches the research contents related to the disposal of contracted land and the follow-up development of relocated households.(2)This paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework for the change of livelihood capital and the disposal of contracted land of relocated households,which makes up for the lack of the existing research that does not pay attention to the symbiotic relationship between livelihood capital and land disposal.(3)This paper explores the new path to dispose the contracted land from the system level,which make up for the lack of previous studies that did not pay attention to the demand for land withdrawal of the poverty-alleviation resettled farmers.