| China has entered an aging society.The rapid increase of the elderly population and the increasing health risks of the elderly directly accelerate the growth of care demand.However,the family,as the main body responsible for aged care,has undergone many changes in the drastic economic and social changes,and its aged care function is gradually declining.The care of the elderly has gradually become a core problem for Chinese families in the process of providing for the aged.Therefore,elderly care must move from the private domain to the public domain,and become an important policy issue in the new era of "people’s livelihood society".Under this background,how to open up the path of non-family care,how to deal with the challenges of elderly care welfare in our society should be the focus of our whole society,and it should also be the focus of academic research.It is for this reason that the article tries to analyze the theoretical and practical issues of aged care policy from the perspective of social policy,in order to provide help for coping with the challenge of population aging and promote the construction of social policy with " social care " paradigm.The article follows the logic of "from social problems or social needs to social policies".Firstly,investigate the dilemma and structural contradiction of the supply and demand of aged care,and predict the care demand of the aged,to clarify the action basis of aged care policy.Secondly,sorts out the policy arrangements and welfare responsibilities of the state in different historical periods,and probes into how the aged care policy is embedded in the development process of the state,what stage features it has,and what evolution logic it presents.Then,reflect on the adverse consequences of current policy in promoting social fairness and justice.Finally,it explores the reasonable distribution of aged care responsibilities among families,countries and markets and the policy path of aged care towards "social care".Through the above research,the following empirical findings are obtained:Firstly,with the further development of the aging population,the demand for aged care will gradually become a more universal social need,and the imbalance between supply and demand of aged care services will be further aggravated,which must be dealt with by a more reasonable aged care policy.The contradiction between the supply and demand is not only manifested in the strong demand and insufficient supply,but also manifested in the imbalance of the content structure and responsibility of the supply.Especially,in the practice of focusing on family care at this stage,families as the main responsibility bear more pressure and risks.With the continuous evolution of population aging,the number of elderly people will continue to grow,and more elderly people will be longevity but unhealthy,and their care needs will continue to be released.Secondly,the development process of China’s elderly care policy has distinct stage characteristics,and the policy arrangements in different periods are the products of specific historical stages.The process of the elderly care policy has roughly gone through three stages: 1949-1978,1978-2000,and 2000 till now.Throughout its whole development process,many distinctive features have emerged: the policy tool is the coexistence of diversified development and structural imbalance,the policy objective emphasizes "center" over "periphery",and the policy style is not binding and it’s authoritative insufficient.At the same time,the development process has realized the evolution of multiple logics from multiple angles and levels.However,the existing policies are mainly embedded in other policies,lacking an independent policy system,which can’t form strong support for families,communities and markets.Thirdly,there is a contradiction between the state’s policy intervention in the field of aged care to ease or aggravate social differentiation and social inequality.The defects and deficiencies of the current policies are as follows.In the gender dimension,the lack of "gender perspective" in the policy leads to the fact that the policy not only can’t effectively promote gender equality,but even solidifies the unequal division of labor between the sexes in the care field to a certain extent.In the family dimension,the support of policy in the economy and service is not an inclusive arrangement for all families.Social policy has always emphasized the responsibility of families on aged care,but there is little policy support for families,which has a great negative impact on families.In the stratum,because the degree of policy supporting the "de-commercialization" is not high,there is an imbalance in the welfare and resource allocation of the aged care among different strata.Fourthly,the problem of aged care in China is not only the imbalance of service supply and demand,but also related to issues such as gender equality,class balance,family development,etc.It is necessary to build a systematic and complete policy content system based on the concept of pluralistic co-governance.Based on the gradual process of social policy to reduce social inequality and social differentiation,and from the perspective of welfare pluralism,integrating the perspectives of resource allocation,family individualization and feminism,we will explore and form a policy content system and linkage mechanism based on "social care".Focusing on the core issue of "care for the elderly",the main innovations of the research are as follows: First,from the perspective of interweaving analysis,the study pay attention to the interweaving and construction between different issues,and systematically analyze the deficiencies of policy practice.The second is to deeply understand the relationship between home and country in aging governance,and bring the aged care policy into the relationship interaction and boundary division between family,state and market according to the governance tradition of "family-country integration",to explore the policy development path towards "social care system" as a whole.Third,it use sampling survey data and census data to predict the demand for aged care services in China with the help of Markov model,which expounds the action basis of the aged care policy. |
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