| Science and technology are the primary productive forces.From the perspective of the international environment,the new round of scientific and technological revolution is reshaping the world’s innovation pattern.All countries are committed to promoting sustainable economic growth through scientific and technological innovation to occupy a favorable position in international competition.As far as the domestic environment is concerned,China has entered a new stage of development and is facing greater pressure on economic growth.From the perspective of the structure of growth dynamics,the development model dominated by factors is bound to and seems to have reached the bottom line that China’s resources and ecology cannot afford.In 2022,the report of the 20 th CPC National Congress stressed that we should accelerate the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy,improve the scientific and technological innovation system,and vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation.Improving the ability of scientific and technological innovation and paying attention to the development of an innovative economy is the key to solving China’s development problems.As an important carrier of economic and social development,the city is an important space carrier to achieving the national macro-strategic objectives.City innovation is an important part of national innovation and development.Promoting the development of city innovative economy is not only an important basis for effectively realizing the construction of an innovative country,promoting the innovation-driven development strategy and building a national innovation system,but also an inevitable requirement for promoting the coordinated development strategy of regions,solving a series of development problems and transforming the driving force of growth.The planning and development of the city innovative economy is a systematic project,which requires not only the spontaneous adjustment of the market mechanisms,but also the full play of the key function of the government to lead innovation.The government should clarify the strategic objectives,development direction and specific plans in the process of the city innovative economy development,as well as the effective path and institutional system to realize the innovative country construction supported by innovative cities,and effectively combine the innovative country construction and its space carrier at the city level.Accordingly,this study systematically summarizes the government support system in the development of the city innovative economy.Based on classic theoretical analysis such as Marx’s innovation thought,Schumpeter’s innovation theory,Porter’s innovation theory,and the innovation theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics,it empirically tests the effect and internal mechanism of the government’s role in the development of the city innovative economy by using panel econometric model and other analytical methods.At the same time,this study also takes into account theoretical factors such as policy diffusion and innovation diffusion,and examines the spatial spillover characteristics of government behavior based on the spatial panel regression model and spatial difference-in-differences(DID)model.On the city level,firstly,in terms of the guarantee of innovation elements,the government should increase the investment of science and technology funds and the introduction of talents to provide necessary element support for the development of innovation activities.Secondly,from the perspective of innovation platform construction,the government should promote the construction of inter-regional collaborative innovation platforms,and promote the development of city open innovation and regional collaborative innovation.Thirdly,in terms of shaping the innovation environment,the government should pay attention to the protection of innovation achievements and strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights;At the same time,in the context of the current vigorous development of the digital economy,the government should vigorously build new infrastructure conducive to innovation activities.Firstly,innovation elements are the basis for carrying out innovation activities,capital and talent are the key innovation elements in the development of innovative economy.To this end,this study examines the effect of government innovation factor protection based on two important policies,namely,financial science and technology expenditure and government talent introduction.Through the study of the fiscal science and technology expenditure,the results show that fiscal science and technology expenditure has a positive innovation effect,and this promotion effect is sustainable,with a duration of at least three years.There is a nonlinear relationship between financial science and technology expenditure and city innovation.With the increase in financial science and technology expenditure,its promoting effect on city innovation shows an "inverted U-shaped" change feature of first increasing and then decreasing.The innovation effect of fiscal science and technology expenditure has regional heterogeneity.In eastern cities,central cities and cities with better quality science and education resources,fiscal science and technology expenditure has a stronger promotion effect on city innovation.The impact of fiscal science and technology expenditure on the innovation level of cities shows a significant siphon effect in space,that is,fiscal science and technology expenditure has a restraining effect on the innovation level of neighboring cities while promoting the improvement of the innovation level of the city;however,after further dividing the spatial adjacency types of cities into two cases,namely,intra-provincial adjacency and extra-provincial adjacency,the result shows that this spatial inhibition is only limited to the adjacent cities within the province.In addition,the distortion of government financial behavior under the promotion championship mechanism may affect the effect of fiscal expenditure on science and technology.Faced with higher economic growth targets,local government officials bear greater pressure on economic growth.In this situation,local government officials allocate more financial resources to areas that can significantly boost economic growth in the short term,and then ignore the improvement and optimization of the scale and structure of financial science and technology expenditure,that is,excessive economic growth targets may reduce the proportion of financial science and technology expenditure by weakening the government’s preference for innovation,which is not conducive to city innovation and development.Through the study of the government’s talent introduction policy,the results show that the local government’s talent introduction policy can effectively improve the level of city innovation,and the talent introduction policy can "attract talents and gather talents",provide high-quality talent reserves for city scientific and technological innovation,and promote the level of city innovation.The analysis of the dynamic effect of the policy shows that the effect of the talent introduction policy on city innovation has both time lag and sustainability,with a lag period of two years,and the innovation effect of the talent introduction policy is sustainable,with a duration of more than nine years.The analysis of regional heterogeneity shows that the talent introduction policy has a stronger role in promoting the innovation level of eastern cities,non-central cities,ordinary science and education cities and high-density population cities.The analysis of spatial spillover characteristics shows that although the talent introduction policy can promote the innovation level of the city,it has a negative impact on the innovative development of surrounding cities without talent introduction policy,and has a siphon effect.After further dividing the spatial adjacency characteristics of cities into two cases: intra-provincial adjacency and extra-provincial adjacency,the study finds that this inhibition exists in both intra-provincial and extra-provincial adjacency.Secondly,promoting the development of city innovative economy requires not only the macro strategic layout of the central government,but also the local government’s practice of adjusting measures to local conditions.This study takes the national innovative city built in a single city and the national independent innovation demonstration zone built in a single city and a multi-city joint layout as the research object,and examines the impact of the establishment of the government innovation platform at the city level on the level of city innovation.Through the study of the national innovative city policy,the results show that the pilot policy widens the gap between the innovation level of pilot cities and non-pilot cities,promotes the dual trend of innovation and development of pilot cities and non-pilot cities,and this effect gradually strengthens after a one-year lag period.At the same time,the pilot policy has a synergistic innovation effect within the pilot cities,which can narrow the gap in the level of innovation within the pilot cities and promote the balanced development of innovation within the pilot cities.The mechanism analysis finds that the pilot policy led to the "siphon effect" of pilot cities on non-pilot cities,promotes the concentration of innovation elements in pilot cities,and widens the gap between the innovation level of pilot cities and non-pilot cities.The pilot policy is also conducive to the dissemination and spillover of knowledge and technology within the pilot cities,narrowing the gap in the level of innovation within the pilot cities,promoting the development of collaborative innovation within the pilot cities,and having an important impact on the regional innovation pattern.In addition,it is finds that the "siphon effect" of the pilot policy only occurs in the province by distinguishing the spatial adjacency matrix within and outside the province,that is,the implementation of the pilot policy makes the provinces commit themselves to developing innovative pilot cities set up in the province,and there is the phenomenon of building pilot cities with "one province’s strength".Through the study of the national independent innovation demonstration zone,the results show that the establishment of the demonstration zone has a significant role in promoting the level of city innovation,and there is no policy lag in promoting the role of the demonstration zone in city innovation.In the year of the establishment of the demonstration zone,its innovation effect began to appear.From the perspective of the effect of the policy,the innovation effect of the demonstration zone shows a trend of dynamic enhancement,with a duration of more than six years.The mechanism analysis finds that the establishment of the demonstration zone has laid a good element foundation for city innovation by promoting city investment and talent gathering.The analysis of city location and category heterogeneity finds that the demonstration zone has a stronger role in promoting the innovation level of eastern cities and central cities.The result of spatial DID shows that the construction of the demonstration area not only promotes the improvement of the innovation level of the city,but also promotes the collaborative innovation development between the cities in the demonstration area.However,the construction of the demonstration area has no significant effect on the innovation level of the surrounding non-demonstration areas,and the analysis based on the neighboring matrix outside the province has also reached a similar conclusion.However,through the study of the estimation results of the adjacency matrix in the province,the results show that the construction of the demonstration area has restrained the improvement of the city innovation level in the non-demonstration area,resulting in a siphon effect.At the same time,similar to the siphoning effect of the national innovative city pilot,the national independent innovation demonstration zone also has the phenomenon of "taking the strength of one province" to build a demonstration city.Finally,the innovation environment is the physical space and social space for scientific and technological innovation activities,which has an important effect on innovation activities.This study examines the effect of the soft and hard environment shaping of government innovation on the level of city innovation from the perspective of the improvement of intellectual property protection system and the construction of new network infrastructure.Through the study of the exogenous policy impact of the construction of "national intellectual property pilot and demonstration cities",the results show that regional intellectual property system construction can effectively promote city innovation,and this effect has dynamic characteristics.Since the year of the construction of the intellectual property demonstration city,its role in promoting city innovation has begun to appear,and there is no policy lag.When the policy time reaches the fifth year,its innovation effect reaches the maximum,and then gradually weakens.The analysis of the mechanism of action shows that a perfect intellectual property system can promote the judicial protection of intellectual property rights and the agglomeration of city innovation elements,including investment elements and human capital elements,thus promoting the level of city innovation.The heterogeneity analysis finds that the improvement of intellectual property rights system has a stronger role in promoting city innovation in central cities and eastern cities.The spatial DID estimation shows that the improvement of the intellectual property system can not only effectively promote the innovation level of the city,but also has a significant spatial spillover effect,which can effectively promote the innovation level of the spatial neighboring cities.The results of intra-provincial and extra-provincial adjacency matrix show that the construction of demonstration cities can promote the development of collaborative innovation activities among demonstration cities.However,the construction of demonstration cities can also cause the siphoning effect of demonstration cities on non-demonstration cities,but this siphoning effect is limited to cities within the province.Through the study of the "Broadband China" policy,we examine the effect of the construction of new network infrastructure,the results show that the construction of new network infrastructure has significantly promoted the level of city innovation,and its impact on city innovation has no time lag,and the promotion of new network infrastructure construction on city innovation has a dynamic trend of increasing year by year.The mechanism analysis finds that the improvement of the new network infrastructure has built a high-quality platform and a good entrepreneurial ecological environment for entrepreneurs.At the same time,the information-based knowledge acquisition and diversified network services have attracted high-quality talents to gather,and also created a good business environment for attracting investment factors to gather.The heterogeneity analysis shows that the construction of new network infrastructure has a stronger promotion effect on the innovation level of eastern cities and central cities.The spatial DID estimation shows that the implementation of the "Broadband China" pilot policy enables collaborative and innovative development among pilot cities.At the same time,cities implementing the "broadband China" pilot policy have no spatial spillover effect on surrounding non-pilot cities.No matter whether based on the adjacency matrix within or outside the province,the conclusions of the above spatial estimation are consistent.This study systematically summarizes and demonstrates the practical logic and theoretical system of the government in the development of innovative economy in cities,and conducts empirical research based on the three levels of the guarantee of innovation factors,the construction of innovation platform and the shaping of innovation environment,and discusses the effect of the government’s support for the development of innovative economy at the city level.Based on the empirical conclusions,this study puts forward corresponding policy recommendations.The conclusion of this paper can effectively clarify the controversy of government innovation policy at the city level,which has important theoretical significance for the rational positioning of the role of the government and the full play of the government’s role in the development of innovative economy under the socialist market economy system.At the same time,this study has certain practical significance for improving the government support system in the development of city innovative economy,improving the effect of the government in promoting the development of innovative economy,and helping to achieve the strategic objectives of innovative countries. |
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