The Dispatched Officials And Their Actions In The Perspective Of Policy Motivation

The dispatched officials are an important strategic human resource in the public sector.And they are also an important participant in the practice of grassroots modernization governance in China,and playing an important pivot function between the party,the government,and the people.Many governance practices such as poverty governance and epidemic treatment show that the role of dispatched officials is irreplaceable during the governance.The level of policy motivation for dispatched officials are directly related to the governance ability and governance efficiency of dispatched officials,and directly affect the effectiveness and the level of national and local overall governance.However,the current academic researches pay less attention to the dispatched officials and their policy motivation.And some related research is relatively fragmented,lacking of a systematic design for their policy motivation,and which is difficult to provide systematic theoretical guidance for the improvement of policy motivation for dispatched officials.Therefore,this paper chooses to systematically study the dispatched officials and their actions from the perspective of policy motivation.According to the relevant theory,this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework of motivation-response-adjustment.And the overall structural framework of this paper also corresponds to this analysis framework.The findings of this paper are as the following.Firstly,the dispatching of officials is a consistent fine tradition and working method of the Communist Party of China.The development of the dispatched officials has roughly gone through several stages.The first stage is the special work team going to the countryside in the revolutionary era.The second stage is the resident officials after the founding of the People’s Republic of China and before the reform and opening up.And the third stage is the officials’ serving for the grass-roots after the reform and opening up to the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.The fourth stage is the modern dispatched officials since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.And,at different stages,the officials’ dispatching and the policy motivation have shown different characteristics.Secondly,regarding the dispatching of officials,a series policy documents on motivation of the party and the state constitute a policy motivation system for the dispatching officials.The current policy motivation system for the dispatched officials mainly consists of the selection and dispatching policy motivation system,the promotion and development policy motivation system,the honor and commendation policy motivation system,the statute punishment policy motivation system,and the rights protection policy motivation system.And these mainly be related to the motivations on selection,dispatching,education and training,promotion,honor recognition,assessment and supervision,honesty and self-discipline,disciplinary,and rights protection,etc.The relevant structural and content motivation policy systems are mainly determined by the party’s policies,the composition of laws,regulations and policies,and which also provides principled compliance and standard guidance for the establishment of local policy motivation systems.The generation of the policy motivation system for the dispatched officials shows the gradual,procedural and changing characteristics of the policy system generation.And it needs to be gradually adjusted,standardized and perfected according to the practice.Thirdly,the implementation of local policy motivation for the dispatched officials presents different policy motivation experience characteristics.Based on the research about the policy motivation it is found that the implementation of policy motivation for dispatched officials in most provincial-level places shows the characteristics of constructive structured policy implementation,and which has showed the local autonomy on policy motivation implementation.Anhui,Fujian,Shandong and other places are the provinces that implemented the policy of the officials’ dispatching in a planned and organized manner earlier.And these places have accumulated local policy experiences,and which promoted the introduction of relevant policies at the central level.In the implementation of policy motivation for dispatched officials,the above places show certain characteristics of isomorphism and heterogeneity.In the exploration of policy motivation practice for dispatched officials,Anhui Province has shown the policy motivation characteristics of a holistic policy experiment,directly starting from the provincial level to promote the implementation of policy motivation for dispatched officials at all levels and localities,while Fujian Province has showed the policy motivation characteristics of local policy experiments firstly,and then promote to the whole province.The policy motivation of Shandong Province shows the characteristics of coordinated linkage between the province,cities,and counties at all levels.At the same time,the typical case of Linyi City presents the policy motivation characteristics of municipalities and localities.Other provinces have also actively explored the policy motivation for the dispatched officials,and showing their own local characteristics on the policy motivation.Fourthly,the dispatched officials under policy motivation show different characteristics on their response.From a micro perspective,under the conditions of policy motivation,the dispatched officials exhibited three types of action responses in the selection and on-the-job phases,and which are namely,interest-based action response,responsibility-based action response,task-based action response.Based on management psychology,sociology,and behavioral theories,this paper constructs a mechanism model for dispatched officials’ action response,and a model of dispatched officials’ on-the-job action mechanism based on field motivation to reveal the generation of motivation and internal logic mechanism of different phase of dispatched officials action response,when they are in the selection and dispatching phase and on-the-job phase.The research found that in the selection and dispatching stage,actors’ characteristics,environmental motivation,and transformation process are the important factors that affect the response of dispatched officials.And at the on-the-job phases,the action response of the dispatched officials present at the scene that is mainly presented as positive actions and negative actions,and which mainly depends on the comprehensive influence of individual field factors,environmental field factors and interactive field factors.At the level of the internal mechanism of actors’ action,the positive response and negative response of the dispatched officials mainly depend on the degree of consistency and cooperation between the dispatched officials and external actors in terms of subjective field factors and objective field factors.The consistency is mainly expressed as follows.The consistency is mainly manifested in the identity,matching and compatibility of the actors’ subject field.And the cooperation is mainly manifested in the mutual assistance,mutual benefit and synergy of the actors’ objective field.The higher the degree of consistency and cooperation,the stronger the positive motivational driving force provided by the field factor to the dispatched officials,and the easier it is to promote their positive response.When the degree of consistency and cooperation is more lower,the field factor would provide more weaker positive motivation and driving force for the dispatched officials.And if the more stronger the negative inhibitory resistance it produces to the actions of the dispatched officials,the more easier to prompt the dispatched officials to respond negatively.Fifthly,the dispatched officials still face many uncertainties in their operation.The uncertainties are mainly manifested in the tense of the officials-group relationship,weak compatibility between the dispatched officials and the village governance structure,the shift of leaders’ attention,and the lack of organizational support.Compatible policy motivation mechanisms are mainly presented in four types,such as field structure motivation optimization mechanism,officials-group benign interaction mechanism,officials-group incremental conflict relief mechanism,and multi-subject collaborative motivation mechanism.The implementation of compatibility motivation mainly lies in the motivation and restraints of multiple actors,such as disciplinary supervision and restraint on township and village cadres,and guiding villagers to safeguard their rights and supervise by law.The establishment of a good interaction mechanism between officials and the masses lies in the establishment of policy improvement mechanism and mechanism of checks and balances.The innovative using of policy motivation tools lies in the comprehensive use of value and emotional motivation,basic guarantee motivation,jobbing motivation,career development motivation,and environmental support motivation to provide balanced motivation based on the motivation needs of dispatched officials to encourage their actions.Sixth,the policy empowerment of dispatched officials lies in the adjustment and improvement of the policy system,the optimization of policy subsystems,and the using of multiple motivation strategies to stimulate the dispatched officials’ actions respond.The operation of public policy is not only an orderly and complex process,but also a dynamic system that is influenced and interacted by a variety of factors.The public policy system also includes policy formulation subsystem,policy implementation subsystem,policy analysis and evaluation subsystem,etc.The operating process of public policy is also exist the interactive process of political information elements,administrative information elements,and public policy information elements,as well as the continuous input,output and feedback process of various types of information.The design and improvement of the policy subsystem mainly lies in the improvement and optimization of the policy formulation system,the optimization of the public service resource allocation system,the improvement and optimization of the policy implementation system,the adjustment and optimization of the policy motivation supply system,the optimization of the control system of the policy implementation process of the dispatched officials,and the policy adjustment and optimization of the information feedback system.The motivation and empowerment of the officials’ selection and dispatching requires different organizational mobilization and motivating strategies for officials’ different action response types.The empowerment motivation for the response of the dispatched officials need to be empowered in terms of ideology and policy enforcement.It is also necessary to establish a corresponding error-tolerant and error-correcting mechanism.The important thing is to empower dispatched officials’ information feedback from multiple dimensions to realize the empowerment.This paper draws the following research conclusions.Firstly,the dispatched officials’ action has historical rationality,and being a historical continuation.The phenomenon of dispatched officials is a combination of state governance,a combination of Marxism and practices of China,and a combination of Chinese history and current practice.It embodies the party’s fine traditions,and that has been implemented in the party’s historical process.Secondly,while the officials’ dispatching operation has achieved the expected results,it is also accompanied by uncertainty.Therefore,the problems of negative response and incompatibility in the action of dispatched officials are all solvable.From the perspective of policy system theory and policy process theory,the public policies can continuously self-correct and adjust through continuous information feedback.From the perspective of policy system theory and policy process theory,the public policy can continuously modify and adjust itself through continuous information feedback.The adjustment of policy motivation requires not only the continuous adjustment of the system and mechanism of policy implementation,but also the continuous self-adjustment of dispatched officials,as well as the continuous interactive adjustment of dispatched officials and other actors.Thirdly,the current policy trend shows that the officials’ dispatching will be continue in the future.In the process of comprehensively advancing socialist modernization and realizing the great cause of national rejuvenation,it is also necessary to continue to promote the dispatching of party members and officials in a diversified manner,participate in major affairs such as national governance,economic construction,and social development,and explore and promote the formation and conformity with the times.Moreover,the mode and mechanism of dispatched officials’ participation in governance should be compatible with the reality.