Research On Targeted Poverty Alleviation Model From The Perspective Of Government Strategic Management

Poverty is a daunting challenge that mankind has faced for a long time.China has placed poverty reduction in a prominent position in state governance.China took eight years to complete the task of poverty alleviation and build a moderately prosperous society in an all respects.China is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century and entering a new stage of its centenary goals,how to prevent the scale of poverty,achieve sustainable poverty reduction and promote the rural revitalization strategy is still the key task at present.This not only puts forward task requirements for the implementation of the Chinese government’s poverty alleviation strategy,but also places hope on the poor.Therefore,this paper explores the targeted poverty alleviation model in rural areas in China from the theoretical perspective of government strategic management and provides theoretical and practical references for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization.At present,China is in a strategically staggered period and a policy overlapping period between the targeted poverty alleviation strategy and the rural revitalization strategy.Avoiding large-scale poverty reduction is the bottom-line requirement for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization,achieving sustainable poverty reduction and promoting the sustainable development of poor areas and poor people is a necessary condition for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization.Therefore,the main research question of this paper is that in the context of comprehensively promoting rural revitalization,how to connect and embed the government and the poor to prevent large-scale return to poverty,achieve sustainable poverty reduction,and promote the sustainable development of poor areas and the poor.Judging from the existing research,domestic and foreign scholars have carried out extensive research on poverty alleviation,but there are still the following limitations: firstly,there is the lack of strategic theoretical guidance for the research on government poverty alleviation;secondly,although a lot of research has been done on government poverty alleviation or the selfdevelopment of the poor,there is the lack of in-depth analysis on the interaction between the government and the poor;thirdly,there is the lack of analysis of the differentiated poverty alleviation behaviors of different poor areas and poor people.It is necessary to build a unified theoretical framework with strategic thinking to analyze the inter-embedded poverty alleviation behavior of the government and the poor,and to provide stratified and classified policy recommendations.Therefore,from the perspective of government strategic management,this paper proposes the targeted poverty alleviation model,emphasizing that the government-based external aid subjects and the poor-based endogenous development subjects jointly play a role in poverty alleviation,to create the poverty alleviation public value.This paper provides theoretical and practical reference for the analysis of poverty alleviation in the process of rural revitalization.The research thoughts of this paper are as follows: firstly,fully review the theoretical literature on anti-poverty strategies and anti-poverty models;secondly,analyze the current situation of poverty alleviation inter-embedded between the external aid and endogenous development subjects,comprehensively analyzes the macro and micro environment characteristics of the construction of the poverty alleviation model,and proposes four types of anti-poverty points;thirdly,propose the targeted poverty alleviation model and the goal of creating public value of poverty alleviation;fourthly,use qualitative and quantitative research methods to test the scientificity and practicability of the theoretical framework;finally,put forward the policy implications and suggestions based on the theoretical framework and empirical results.This paper focuses on the anti-poverty strategy and poverty alleviation model research.On this basis,through the analysis of the current situation of the inter-embedded of external and endogenous development subjects,although the inter-embedded of internal and external subjects has positive effects of mutual promotion and progress,there is still contradiction tension,which further illustrates the necessity of constructing the theoretical framework of poverty alleviation model.To construct the theoretical framework of the targeted poverty alleviation model,this paper firstly uses the SWOT-PESTEL comprehensive analysis model to analyze the macro and micro environment of poverty alleviation model construction,that is,to analyze the opportunities and challenges faced by the macro environment from the aspects of politics,economy,society,technology,nature and law,and to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the micro environment from the perspective of multidimensional poverty.Therefore,this paper initially puts forward four poverty reduction points of "development,cooperation,independent and defense",which provide preliminary directions and references for constructing the theoretical framework of poverty alleviation models.On this basis,this paper innovatively puts forward the theoretical framework of the targeted poverty alleviation model from the perspective of government strategic management.In this paper,targeted poverty alleviation model refers to the behavioral model of “both assistance subject and the poor subject inter-embedded poverty alleviation” in the process of rural revitalization and the realization of common prosperity,based on the assistance level of the external subject and the development level of the poor subject.This model is based on the following premise: affected by factors such as the natural environment,individuals(such as health,subjective consciousness,etc.),policies and scarce resources,the poor lack the opportunity to exert their abilities,but the poor have the ability and potential to get rid of poverty and become affluent.This model has the characteristics of the times,inter-embedded,dynamic and forward-looking,which aims to create public value of poverty alleviation.The government and the poor can co-create the public value of poverty alleviation.The public value of poverty alleviation emphasizes that under the joint action of both subjects,the underdeveloped areas and the poor can achieve "positive development",avoid "negative development" and prevent them from falling back into poverty.At the same time,this paper deeply analyzes the public value of poverty alleviation and divides it into four dimensions:economic value of poverty alleviation,social value of poverty alleviation,political value of poverty alleviation and ecological value of poverty alleviation.Meanwhile,this paper constructs the index system of the public value of poverty alleviation.Specifically,the poverty alleviation model is mainly composed of two coordinates: the external poverty alleviation degree and the internal development degree.Firstly,the external poverty alleviation degree is mainly based on the government strategic triangle model,which emphasizes the government strategic management level in poverty alleviation affairs.Secondly,the internal development degree is mainly based on the feasibility ability as the theoretical basis,emphasizing the feasibility ability of the poor in the process of casting off poverty and setting out on a road to prosperity.From the perspective of the relationship between the two dimensions,external poverty alleviation is a booster for alleviating poverty and creating opportunities for prosperity,while the fundamental driving force for poverty alleviation and prosperity lies in the endogenous subject’s self-development awareness and self-development ability.The internal and external dimensions together constitute five regional types of poverty alleviation models,including targeted area of benefiting the people,self-improvement area,risk-changing area,poverty-risk area,and common prosperity area.At the same time,due to the long-term,dynamic and changing nature of poverty alleviation,this paper proposes a static model and a dynamic model of poverty alleviation.The former is mainly used to analyze short-term and normal poverty reduction problems,and the latter is mainly used to analyze long-term and dynamic poverty reduction problems,aimed at preventing large-scale poverty return,achieving sustainable poverty reduction and promoting the realization of rural revitalization goals.Firstly,the static poverty alleviation model mainly refers to the normalized poverty reduction inter-embedded behavior model according to the actual situation of endogenous and external subjects,including five types:(1)the government-led type suitable for targeted area of benefiting the people,(2)the independent development type suitable for self-improvement area,(3)the competition breakout type suitable for risk-changing area,(4)the risk prevention type suitable for poverty-risk area,and(5)the common development type suitable for common prosperity area.Secondly,the dynamic poverty alleviation model mainly refers to the strategic inter-embedded behavior mode of poverty reduction that promotes the positive development of all kinds of poor groups,including four types:(1)poverty avoidance type,which aims to promote the vulnerable groups to achieve basic stability and get out of poverty,prevent the risk of returning to poverty and avoid the problem of large-scale return to poverty;(2)the gradual enrichment type,which aims to promote the stable poverty reduction groups to gradually achieve routine prosperity;(3)the leap-forward enrichment type,which aims to provide resources and conditions for stable poverty alleviation groups and conventional enrichment groups to achieve breakthrough and enrichment;(4)the common enrichment type,which aims to promote conventional enrichment and breakthrough enrichment groups towards the road to common prosperity.To deepen the theoretical connotation of the external poverty alleviation degree and construct the index system,this paper chooses the government strategy triangle model proposed by Moore.This theory emphasizes how governments combine strategic goals and strategic approaches to continuously improve public services and create public value.Therefore,this paper construct three external poverty alleviation dimensions: mission management,political management,and operation management.Firstly,mission management emphasizes that government should clarify the strategic values,goals and missions of poverty alleviation to clear strategic direction for creating public value of poverty alleviation.On the journey towards the second centenary goal,the central government and local governments should improve strategic positioning and clarify strategic vision.Secondly,the political management is the legitimacy basis for the government to implement the poverty alleviation strategy,emphasizing the advantages of the socialist system and paying attention to the aspirations and demands of stakeholders,which lays a solid political foundation for creating public value of poverty alleviation.This paper proposes three elements of political management including poverty alleviation policy,organizational structure,and stakeholder participation.Thirdly,the operational management is the resource support for the government to implement the poverty alleviation strategy,stressing rational allocation and effective use of poverty alleviation resources from the government,the market and social organizations to maximize the public value of poverty alleviation.This paper proposes four operational management elements including poverty alleviation funds,personnel allocation,multi-subject collaboration,and digital technology.At the same time,this paper reviews the historical changes and strategic mission of poverty alleviation in China,the poverty alleviation system and policy system,and the current situation of multi-subject poverty alleviation,to deepen the practical understanding of mission management,political management and operational management.The poor and the government are the main body to co-create the public value of poverty alleviation.To deepen the theoretical connotation of internal development degree and construct the index system,this paper chooses the feasibility ability theory proposed by Amartya Sen.This theory highlights the idea of "people-oriented",advocates respecting the dominant position of the poor and enhances the individual’s intrinsic motivation and self-development ability,which is of great significance to the realization of common prosperity in China.To realize the public value of poverty alleviation,the government needs to integrate the people-centered and people-oriented ideas into the ability building of the poor,and cultivate,accumulate and improve individual feasibility ability.Therefore,this paper believes that the internal development degree is mainly composed of four dimensions: the basic survival ability,the independent development ability,the social development ability,and the sustainable development ability.The basic survival ability mainly refers to the ability of an individual to maintain basic survival and safety needs,mainly including health and safety level and agricultural production ability.The independent development ability mainly refers to the ability of an individual to have endogenous motivation and seek opportunities for self-development,mainly including basic cognitive ability,re-learning ability,and employment and entrepreneurship ability.The social development ability mainly refers to the spiritual and ideological level possessed by the poor and the development ability in the process of adapting to the social environment,mainly including spiritual and ideological level,social participation ability,and social adaptation ability.The sustainable development ability mainly refers to the ability of the poor to achieve intergenerational sustainable development through wealth accumulation and ecological protection,mainly including wealth accumulation ability,ecological protection ability,and risk resistance ability.To further test the theoretical rationality and scientificity of the targeted poverty alleviation model,this paper adopts a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods to carry out an empirical analysis.The qualitative method is mainly based on field observation method and case study method,and the quantitative method is mainly based on the NCA and QCA mixed method,TOPSIS method and IEPAI.This paper mainly focuses on the empirical research on the method ideas of the NCA and QCA mixed method.The overall,systematic and multidimensional characteristics of QCA method make it have the advantage of analyzing organizational strategic management issues.The NCA and QCA mixed method can effectively carry out sufficient necessity analysis and deeply analyze the causal relationship between variables,reveal different realization paths of the public value of poverty alleviation.At the same time,this paper carries out the empirical analysis according to the following steps: firstly,selecting the sample following the case selection principle of the QCA method.This paper chooses county as the research unit and follows the principle of "homogeneity and heterogeneity coexisting,completeness and accessibility" of the QCA method,and selects 214 counties distributed in 22 provinces were selected from the original 832 state.Secondly,clearing the result variable is the public value of poverty alleviation,and the conditional variables are the mission management,political management,operation management,and the basic survival ability,the independent development ability,the social development ability,and the sustainable development ability.Thirdly,collecting and analyzing the index data through qualitative and quantitative research,and using the TOPSIS method and the IEPAI to measure the result variable and condition variables.Finally,using the NCA and QCA mixed method to analyze the configuration path to realize the public value of poverty alleviation,and further verifying and analyzing the empirical result through case analysis.According to the empirical research results,(1)with the NCA and QCA mixed method,the results show that it is difficult to realize the public value of poverty alleviation with a single condition variable,and the combination of internal and external factors needs to jointly realize the public value of poverty alleviation.At the same time,according to the results of configuration analysis,this paper summarizes four paths to realize the public value of poverty alleviation: government-driven,individual-driven,government-individual weak driven,and government-individual strong driven.By analyzing the static characteristics of the configuration path,the results show that the government-driven path is more consistent with the government-led type,the individual-driven path is more consistent with the independent development type,and the government-individual weak driven path is consistent with the competition breakout type and the risk prevention type,and the government-individual strong driven path is more consistent with the common development type.(2)by analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the configuration path,the results show that the dynamic characteristics of the above four configuration paths are highly consistent with the dynamic type of poverty alleviation,the government-individual weak driven path is more consistent with the poverty avoidance type,the government-driven path is more consistent with the gradual enrichment type.the individual-driven path is more consistent with the leap-forward enrichment type,and the government-individual strong driven path is more consistent with the common enrichment type.(3)with the equal weight method and the IEPAI to measure the external poverty alleviation index system,the results show that the measured values of the mission management and political management elements of the sample counties are quite different.Condition variable configuration analysis further proves that mission management and political management are the key elements to achieve high public value of poverty alleviation.(4)the results show that there are obvious differences in the measurement values of the basic survival ability and the sustainable development abilities of the sample counties.Condition variable configuration analysis also further proves that the sustainable development ability has always been the “core condition” for the realization of the public value of poverty alleviation,and the other three feasibility abilities are also important components of the realization of the public value of poverty alleviation.(5)The comprehensive weighting method and TOPSIS method are used to measure the public value level of poverty alleviation in the sample counties.From the static analysis results,the sample counties are basically in the poverty elimination interval and the realization of the public value of poverty alleviation is basically stable at the average level,which is far from the ideal affluent interval.The contribution of poverty alleviation economic value and poverty alleviation social value to the realization of poverty alleviation public value is still outstanding.From the dynamic analysis results,the realization trend of the public value of poverty alleviation in the sample counties presents four types: stable growth,fluctuating development,accelerated catch-up,and continuous stagnation.The counties should take measures at different turning points to improve the level of public value of poverty alleviation.In the context of the implementation of the rural strategy,to further create the public value of poverty alleviation,this paper puts forward policy recommendations from the macro,meso and micro levels.In the anti-poverty practice,(1)The central government should focus on the positive role of mission management and political management and guide the future development direction of the poverty alleviation and rural revitalization strategy with a strategic vision.The central government should make promoting common prosperity an important poverty alleviation mission,highlight the "people-centered" value orientation;build a social security policy network to consolidate the legitimacy of poverty alleviation;optimize the poverty reduction mechanism and promote the sustainable development of poor areas and poor people.(2)Local governments should take differentiated poverty alleviation measures based on local conditions: regions with stable growth should expand their poverty alleviation achievements at "consolidation points",regions with fluctuating development should strengthen internal and external measures at "intervention points",regions with accelerated catch-up should tap the advantages of poverty alleviation at "dynamic adjustment points",and regions with continuous decline should establish an early warning mechanism at the “poverty stop points” to avoid the risk of returning to poverty.(3)Individuals should continuously improve their feasible abilities and jointly create public value of poverty alleviation with external subjects.Individuals should cultivate confidence and improve their ability of independent development;expand the ability of social development and adapt to modern society;enhance their ability of sustainable development and achieve the goal of affluent life.This paper has the following possible innovations.At the theoretical level,this paper(1)innovatively puts forward the theoretical framework of "external poverty alleviation-internal development" targeted poverty alleviation model from the perspective of government strategic management;(2)constructs a targeted poverty alleviation model suitable for the characteristics of different endogenous and external subjects,it can provide appropriate theoretical inspiration for local government poverty alleviation and rural revitalization to avoid fragmentation of the implementation of poverty alleviation strategy;(3)puts forward the policy framework of "early warning of returning to poverty and sustainable poverty reduction" of the county to guide county-level governments to prevent large-scale return to poverty and achieve sustainable poverty reduction.At the empirical and methodological level,this paper(1)uses the qualitative and quantitative research method to systematically explain the external poverty alleviation degree,internal development degree and public value level of poverty alleviation in the county,and tries to propose the internal causal relationship and configuration path among variables;(2)constructs three index systems of external poverty alleviation degree index system,internal development degree index system,and public value of poverty alleviation index system and the corresponding index databases in the county area;(3)takes the lead in applying the NCA and QCA mixed method to the research on poverty alleviation,and verify the rationality of "external poverty alleviation-internal development" poverty alleviation model.