Integration And Separation:Sociopolitical Analysis Of Farmers’ Production And Living Space

Farmers’ production and living space is not only the place of production and living,but also the field of economic and social organization and social governance,on which rural social governance is based.The production and living space of farmers not only embodies the production and social relations between farmers and rural areas,but also contains complex political and rights relations.Space is not static,but can be shaped and constructed.The formation and changes of farmers’production and living space are not only deeply influenced and restricted by economic and social systems,management systems and policies,but also have a direct and far-reaching impact on sociopolitical relations,political order,and rural governance structure and governance methods.Sociopolitical analysis of farmers’ production and living space can not only help us deeply understand the dynamics,mechanism,influence and development logic of the changes of farmers’production and living and rural economic and social spatial relations in China,but also enable us to deeply understand and understand the multiple relations between production and living spatial structure and polities and governance in real society.At present,China is in a period of in-depth development of industrialization,urbanization,marketization,informationization and globalization,and also a period of accelerating agricultural industrialization,scale and modernization.The construction of rural communities,the coexistence of villages,the increasing number of industrial parks and industrial parks,and the accelerated flow and reconfiguration of various social factors have promoted the dramatic changes in farmers’ production and living space.Reforming the distribution,composition and economic and social relations of farmers’ production and living space also poses a severe challenge to rural social organizations,social order and governance structure and mode of rural society.It is urgent to conduct in-depth research and make adaptive changes to build rural governance system and mechanism and operation mode suitable for the changes and development of farmers’production and life.Therefore,taking Heguan Town,Qingzhou City as a case,this paper makes diachronic and synchronic analysis on the production and living space of farmers in the town,in order to explore the formation of farmers’ production and living space in the traditional agricultural period,collectivization period,early stage of reform and opening up and the changing course,trend and characteristics of the times since the 21st century,and analyze the mechanism,power and logic of change and its influence and interaction on governance.On this basis,this paper discusses the road and policy choice of coordinated development of rural economy and society and modernization of governance at present and in the future.Based on the microscopic investigation of He Guan sample and the macroscopic analysis of social development,the following conclusions are drawn:Firstly,farmers’ production and living spaces and their relations in different periods show different structures and characteristics.In the traditional agricultural period,the production and living space of farmers is a natural integration state based on natural economy,with the characteristics of spontaneity,self-sufficiency and closure;During the period of collectivization,the production and living space of farmers was limited to rural areas and social teams,which was an organized and integrated state based on collective economy,with closure and compulsion;In the early stage of reform and opening up,although the agricultural production and management mode changed rapidly and the rural economy and social structure changed rapidly with the rise of various business formats and rural enterprises,the production and living space of farmers was still limited and integrated in rural towns due to the restrictions of many policies such as agricultural return to family management and rural industry and population mobility.Since the 21st century,with the rapid development of marketization,industrialization,urbanization,informationization and globalization,the two-way flow of production factors such as population,technology,capital and information between rural and urban areas has made the production and living space of farmers rapidly divided and diversified,showing diversity and complexity.Secondly,the space is a kind of structure and order,and the formation,mutual relations and changes of farmers’ production and living space are the result of subjective and objective factors.Objectively speaking,the level of agricultural productivity and agricultural production and management in different times determine the formation and structural characteristics of farmers’production and living space,and promote its change and development;The division of labor and social differentiation required by social and economic development have prompted small farmers to get rid of the state of one family and self-sufficiency,and become increasingly socialized and market-oriented,thus expanding different production and living spaces;The imbalance of possession and distribution of production and living resources and the imbalance of economic and social development in different regions cause the difference,diversification and imbalance of farmers’production and living space,and then affect its change and development;Economic and social policies,Politics and governance system in different periods will also influence and restrict the scope,structure and mutual relations of farmers’ production and living space.Subjectively speaking,space is also the product of people’s subjective choice and practical construction.The formation and change of farmers’production and living space is the demand product of farmers’ production and management and living in peace,and the result of farmers’ rational choice to develop production and pursue their living needs.To a certain extent,the choice of farmers’ production and living space and their mutual relations also reflect the transaction costs between farmers’ production and living and economic society and politics.In particular,the spatial structure and interrelation of farmers’ production and living in a certain period also reflect the needs of politics and governance,including the need to reduce the cost of sociopolitical organization,service and supervision.Thirdly,the formation and structural characteristics of farmers’ production and living space are restricted by the existing national social and economic development policies and systems and the rural governance system.Since the reform,especially in the new historical period,the development of agricultural and rural productive forces,the transformation of production methods,and the change of living space have also had a significant and profound impact on the existing political and rural social governance system and governance methods.In particular,the separation and diversification of farmers’ production and living space directly leads to the weakness and laxity of rural organization and management.The traditional collectivized organization and management methods are losing their organizational power and control power day by day,and some rural areas are becoming increasingly hollow,which makes rural grass-roots autonomy and governance organizations hollow or even paralyzed;However,the current rural collective economy and joint-stock cooperative economy are still established on the basis of collective land property rights in a certain region,which is still a community-based and closed collective economy or community cooperative economy in essence.The rural collective land and property rights can not flow freely,which greatly limits the market-oriented flow of production factors such as rural land and farmers,restricts the change of farmers’ production and living space,and intensifies the separation and diversification trend between farmers’ production and living space and the existing "political and economic integration" of villagers’ autonomy and grassroots governance system.Fourthly,in the new historical period,rural productivity and farmers’ production and living space are in a critical period of great change and transformation.It is urgent to further deepen the reform,improve relevant institutional mechanisms,systems and policies,and build a rural governance system and operation mode suitable for the development of productivity and changes in farmers’ production and life.First of all,based on the development needs of agriculture,rural areas and farmers,as well as the trend of increasing separation and diversification of farmers’ production and living space,it is essential to reform all current unreasonable restraint policies,give farmers the choice and right of production and living style,and let farmers have more freedom to choose production and living space.Secondly,it is necessary to comply with the needs of farmers for economic development and a better life,and in accordance with the overall requirements of rural comprehensive revitalization,efforts should be made to promote and build intensive and efficient production spaces and convenient and livable living spaces for farmers;Finally,based on the changing development of farmers’production and living space and the increasingly diversified trends and needs,we should improve the relevant policies of agriculture,rural areas and farmers.Further promote agricultural industrialization and moderate scale operation,further deepen the reform of rural property rights system,household registration system,housing system and urban-rural relations,break the closed system and policy of rural collective economic organizations and villagers’ self-governing organizations and urban-rural dualization,promote the market-oriented reform of rural collective economy,transform rural villagers’autonomy into community autonomy,promote urban-rural dualization to integrate urban and rural development,and build a rural economic and social governance system with "separation of economy and society","separation of politics and economy" and integration of urban and rural areas,and promote the modernization of rural economy,society and governance.