| The practical construction of China’s rural community consultation system is a process of democratic system reform and governance technological reform.In the process of constructing a modern democratic state,China a modern latecomer must not only establish a governance system to meet the urgent need for the development of the socialist market economy,but also build a democratic system to meet the need to protect the people’s growing better life.With the transformation of national political form,participation,autonomy,consultation,governance and other factors gradually increased,the country gradually changed from a vertical,hierarchical all-around political model to a limited political model that expanded the horizontal structure and paid attention to public and social participation.Therefore,since entering the 21st century,deliberative democracy has been given an important political status.And in the process of modernization of national governance,it has moved from democratic form to democratic system,developing towards the direction of "extensive and multi-level institutionalization ".Especially since the 18th National Congress,the governance innovation and grass-roots democratic practice with "consultation" as the key word have been gradually integrated into the discourse system of rural governance modernization under the impetus of various forces.The process of institutionalization of rural community consultation is also reflected in the action picture of the practice construction of democratic governance system.In the process of rural community consultation system from typical experience innovation to overall institutionalization,different local development points not only embody the objective law,but also,alienation.With the popularity of governance innovation discourse,it intensifies the attraction of negotiation form and innovation impulse,and causes the neglect of objective law and the innovation"involution",which fuzzy the core and focus of consultation system practice construction.Therefore,the practical construction of rural community consultation system,how to give attention to national grand development schema and micro-development reality and demand has become an unavoidable question.The institutionalization of rural community consultation is country involved in ongoing process of institutional practice construction.Looking at the formation process of the system in various fields and levels of socialism with Chinese characteristics,it is not difficult to find that in the exploration of history,it shows the unique development logic and representation of the unity of planning and exploration.At the current stage,the national party and government play an important leading role in the process of institutionalization of rural community consultation,and carry out innovative promotion through experimental governance,forming a unique field of governance innovation with Chinese characteristics.It has become an important entry point to understand the practical construction of rural community consultation system in China.Based on practical observation and multi-case materials inductive analysis,this study establishes the analytical approach of system situation-experimental action-system selection,and discusses the effective realization path of rural community consultation system on the basis of practice differentiation.Firstly,the system situation includes the historical starting point and social conditions for the practice construction of rural community consultation system under the background of experimental governance.The rural community consultation system is not a machinery linear evolution and a complete import,but a comprehensive result of both historical inheritance and practical practice.The system situation helps us to transcend the general imagination and extend the focus of investigation and research into the historical and realistic space in which rural community consultation can survive and continue.Although the overall blueprint for the the system is completed within the framework stipulated by the legal order,however,rural community consultation is based on rural areas.Today’s rural communities are no longer the "collective" of the homogeneous village when they were first built.Secondly,experimental action is the key linkage in the practice construction of rural community consultation system.The rural community consultation is still in the "initial stage" in the aspects of institutionalization,standardization and procedure.Based on this,the nation starts the rural community governance experimental area construction,as a policy tool,encourages the local to look for the replicable,popularized experience of the rural community consultation institutionalization.The system situation constitutes clue of the core actors in the process of the practice construction and the action space of the actors determines the basic unit of experimental action,which together shape the basic experimental construction linkages and action mechanism.Grass-roots government is an important driving force,and plays the role of system provider and direct promoter.The grass-roots mass autonomy is still the key field of system practice,so that the village level organizations and the masses are the main forces.In addition,the external professional social forces or direct or indirect participation plays a catalytic or auxiliary role.Thirdly,system selection is the inevitable adjustment process.Practice proves that any system from generation to landing needs to be tested and adjusted in practice.The system choice of rural community consultation mainly reflects the selective practice construction by the grass-roots government and the main body of system practice.The system situation and experimental action shape the "space" and "rules",and then form the result of different consultation system.Especially the government organizations are obvious influenced by the external policy will and space in the supply process of rural community consultation system.Differently,the village cadres and the masses pay more attention to the internal structure of the system.The cumulative effect of the established system determines their priority over the path choice.They pay more attention to the influence of the new system practice on the original "power-benefit-system" relationship and whether it will increase the burden of system implementation.Finally,according to practical analysis,it is found that the practical construction of rural community consultation system includes two directions:(1)vertical subject interaction.The state,the local,the grass-roots,the society and so on play different roles in the practice construction,try to explore the fitting effect between the objectives of the different levels of the system,and make it become the normal system arrangement.(2)the horizontal system of mutual construction.The mutual construction between the rural community consultation system and the rural governance system,and promotes the symbiosis and co-prosperity of the system,platform,carrier,rules and other systematic elements.But at the same time,reality always combines efforts,expectations,problems and dilemmas.Although rural community consultation have evolved for some time,however,its operation under the logic of modernization is still relatively immature,facing the limitation of subjective and objective conditions.There are still three problems in the process of the institutionalization of rural community consultation:unclear institutional positioning,short-term utilitarianism and poor overall results.As the key point of the modernization construction of national governance " governance system "and"governance ability "also open a new realm for the modernization of rural governance.Therefore,promoting the effective realization of the rural community consultation system needs to be based on the political and social foundation of China,focusing on the two key points of "system" and "ability",taking into account reality and reform,systematically grasping the stage and goal of system development,conditions and forms,norms and procedures,resilience and system development,and completing the practical construction of the basic elements of rural community consultation system,procedure,guarantee and so on,in order to promote the realization of governance efficiency. |
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