| At present,there is still a big gap between urban and rural economic development level in China,and out-migrating for work is an important way of making a living for farmers in many economically underdeveloped minority areas.The "semi-urban" status of migrant workers determines that most of them have no ability and conditions to balance the conflict between supporting a family and taking care of children.The phenomenon of children left behind in rural areas cannot be eliminated in a short time.In recent years,with the weakening of the child care function of rural families,extreme accidents of left-behind children have occurred frequently,which has aroused the high attention of the government and society to this group,and the national welfare work for this group of children is also accelerating.According to the current national requirements for the work of left-behind children in rural areas,plural subjects including the government,families,schools and society,should actively participate,share responsibilities and jointly build a perfect care and protection system for left-behind children in rural areas,forming joint forces to ensure that left-behind children in rural areas get proper custody and care.The kind of welfare idea and arrangement happen to be same with the idea of frontier welfare governance in western social welfare field.Welfare governance is an idea gradually formed in the process of coping with the welfare crisis in western countries.It is the application of governance concept in the field of social policy,and advocates a breakthrough in the path of achieving the welfare goal through the intervention of different action subjects,the transformation of power/authority forms and the integration of action mechanisms.However,social background of the western welfare governance is different from of China’s welfare governance.China’s local government administrative work has the characteristics of “pressure system” that County and township governments mainly take the management way of quantification task decomposition and materialization of evaluation system to promote the work for completing the indicators assigned by superior.The stronger the administrative force intervention is,the more obvious the pressure system features are.The governance carried out under the pressure system reflects the corresponding characteristics of "pressure governance".The welfare governance of rural left-behind children is also carried out under the system,which needs to be studied in combination with the social background of the pressure system.The death of 4 left-behind children on 9 June 2015 in Bijie,at Guizhou Province,brought the huge public pressure.The Chinese government made a quick response,and the State Council soon issued a special policy for the care and protection of left-behind children in rural areas.Administrative intervention of Guizhou on left-behind children problem is very big.The pressure that the city of Bijie is under is more than other regions,due to the continuous number of left-behind children’s accidental events,much attention has been paid to the city.Local government image severely is damaged.Administrative intervention in Bijie is greater.The local left-behind children welfare supply shows the welfare governance characteristic that differs from the west.The research sets up a research framework based on the combination of welfare governance theory and pressure system theory.Taking Z town,a minority rural town in Bijie of Guizhou province,as a case,the research explores the characters of the left-behind children’s plural welfare supply in the areas.On this basis,it further considers how to transform the welfare governance model of left-behind children to better guarantee the welfare level of left-behind children.Based on the case study of Z Town,the welfare supply of rural left-behind children in such areas has the characteristics of pressure welfare governance.First,in the policy background,the special policy of the State Council on the care and protection of left-behind children is the result of pressure response.The death of 4left-behind children on 9 June 2015 in Bijie triggered the national policy agenda of left-behind children and accelerated the introduction of special policies.The policy has made arrangements for the welfare supply system of left-behind children,with government leading as one of the basic principles.Secondly,the welfare supply practice of left-behind children in Z Town reflects the characteristics of "pressure supply" : the welfare supply appears target substitution,that "no accident" is the core concept of work and "reduce the phenomenon of left-behind children" has become an important goal;In order to implement the work faster,the government brings plural subjects into the welfare supply system of left-behind children through administrative means,forming a relationship among plural subjects with government-centered and unidirectional control.The practical operation mechanism includes the assignment of work to people,the transfer of welfare responsibility,the selectivity of welfare supply and the formalization of supervising welfare supply.Thirdly,the pressure welfare supply of left-behind children faces the integration dilemma,which is the insufficient integration of plural subject welfare supply capacity,the difficulty of forming resultant force among plural subjects,and the absence of families,society and service object supervising the welfare supply of left-behind children.Fourthly,under a pressure welfare supply model,the welfare of left-behind children has unbalanced characteristics: material assistance is strong,welfare services are weak;protective service is strong,caring service is weak;family supervision is emphasized and family service is lighted;the services for children left behind by parents are strong,while those for children left behind by single parents are weak.The government’s excessive intervention in the child care arrangement within the family increases the family burden,and there is welfare stigma in the process of welfare transfer of left-behind children.The pressure welfare governance model of left-behind children needs to be transformed into a holistic welfare governance model.Holistic governance theory,originated in the end of the 20 th century in Britain is proposed as a solution responding to the "fragmentation".The welfare supply model requires taking the needs of left-behind children as the core value,improves plural subjects’ welfare supply ability,builds and perfects the left-behind children welfare governance system,establishes integrated coordination mechanism,and promotes the integration and coordination of different departments and different levels within the government as well as between the public and private sectors.In addition,full attention should be paid to the application of modern information technology and the integration of services should be promoted by enhancing the digital level of welfare governance. |
PDF Full Text Request