| Poverty is a problem that puzzles the development of human society.It is not only a negative factor that hinders economic and social development,the improvement of people’s living standards,but also a result of uneven or low development level of human society.Because of this,countries and regions around the world have taken a number of actions to promote poverty governance,in the hope of improving the well-being of people in their own countries and regions,thus increasing the level of legitimacy of ruling parties and governments and strengthening their own governance foundation.So do China!Since the founding of ROC,the communist party of China and government has led the Chinese people of all ethnic groups to fight against poverty,over a long period of time from the original simple development productivity,enhance the level of economic development as the main poverty governance strategy,to the path of paying equal attention to economic development and social security,reflect the tireless efforts of all the Chinese people against poverty,and finally has got great achievement in the past that have astonished the world.China will soon complete its goal of eradicating absolute poverty and enter a’post-poverty era’.This constitutes the important background of this dissertation.Welfare pluralism is a theoretical trend proposed by western scholars on the basis of rethinking and reviewing the defects of "welfare state".It mainly emphasizes changing the traditional single state subject to undertake the responsibility of welfare-supply,instead of government and non-governmental subjects to jointly supply and transmit welfare,which is realized through decentralization of power and responsibility,multiple cooperation and policy innovation.The nature of social welfare has changed from "government product" to "society product".Since its emergence,welfare pluralism has been gradually guiding and analyzing the practice of social security and welfare policies in the process of continuous development and improvement.Therefore,the growth of the theory not only increases the total amount of social science knowledge,but also plays a good role in guiding and promoting the practice of public affairs.As a state of scarcity,poverty,to some extent,means that the total amount and level of welfare that people have and can obtain is insufficient and low.From this point of view,poverty governance is a process of increasing the welfare of the poor groups(individuals)and the whole society by using the policy tools and technical paths of pluralism,and it aims to improve the total welfare and level of the poor through the welfare supply and transmission of multiple subjects,so as to improve the poor living conditions.In this way,welfare pluralism and poverty governance have a theoretical analysis of the fit,which provides a more appropriate theoretical basis and analysis framework for the use of welfare pluralism theory to analyze China’s rural poverty governance.The application of welfare pluralism theory to analyze China’s rural poverty governance practice is not to deny the existing theoretical research results and practical achievements of poverty governance,in other words,the dissertation is not to regard the long-standing "absolute poverty" in China as the lack of welfare supply;not to regard the all-round hard efforts to eliminate"absolute poverty" in recent years only as increasing the welfare supply,but to try to use a different perspective to study and discuss the practice of China’s rural poverty alleviation.Both theoretical and practical circles have carried out a lot of exploration on poverty and its governance,which has effectively promoted the process of poverty reduction and poverty alleviation in China.On the theoretical level,the existing research mainly uses(including but not limited to)developmental perspective,organizational perspective,institutional perspective,cultural perspective and governance perspective to explain China’s poverty alleviation problem and explore the path to get rid of poverty.From the perspective of practice,in the long process of poverty alleviation,China has developed a series of effective measures with Chinese characteristics,such as "ten projects for poverty alleviation","teams aim at poverty alleviation in villages and the first secretary of poverty alleviation","collaborative poverty alleviation between eastern and western regions","poverty alleviation performance evaluation combining internal evaluation and third-party evaluation","rapid reconstruction of rural governance structure" and "expanding and building channels and platforms for non-governmental entities to participate in poverty alleviation".These measures are connected and promoted each other,and constitute the main system of strategy,institution and policy to guarantee China’s poverty reduction performance.Therefore,in order to make the welfare pluralism theory more effective in analyzing China’s rural poverty governance practice,based on the rational understanding of the theoretical limitations of welfare pluralism,fully drawing on and absorbing the existing poverty-related research results,the dissertation makes localization amendments to the theory in terms of concept connotation,value orientation,system environment,main structure and analysis dimension.This will not only help us to understand the practice of rural poverty governance in China from a broader perspective,break through the narrow concept of "welfare poverty alleviation",bring all kinds of goods and resources supplied and transmitted by multiple subjects into the welfare concept,which are conducive to poverty alleviation and personal prosperity,but also can further enhance the consistency between theoretical models and practical issues,so as to make the theory grow in western society to fit the specific situation of China as far as possible.Thus,under the background of China’s macro poverty alleviation strategy and poverty control policy,we can have a more comprehensive and more novel understanding of China’s rural poverty governance and its path,and provide a relatively new theoretical perspective and practical guidance for China’s rural poverty governance practice.The dissertation analyzes the current poverty situation in China and the causes of welfare pluralism.On this basis,by reviewing the practical course of China’s rural poverty governance,according to the differences of poverty alleviation ideas and policies in each stage,China’s rural poverty governance can be divided into three stages:state-led poverty alleviation;poverty alleviation development for regional poverty;targeted poverty alleviation for individual poverty,where the background,characteristics and existing problems are reviewed and analyzed.On the basis of historical review,this study selects Anhui Province as a specific case to explore the rural poverty governance practice in Anhui Province from three dimensions:welfare supply,welfare financing and welfare policy.In the aspect of welfare-supply for poverty governance,the study finds that there are diversified characteristics in the welfare supply of rural poverty governance in Anhui Province,that is,the main body of welfare supply and the mode of welfare supply are diversified.The study shows that in the pattern of rural poverty governance in China,the formation of the government’s dominant position has internal logic motivation,which can provide poverty governance welfare from the perspectives of organization,system,policy,human resources and funds;the market with enterprises as the main external form is a dynamic role,and the formation of this role is inevitable,which can provide and increase the welfare for poverty control,it can provide a source of vitality and participate in the supply and transmission of poverty alleviation welfare through process participation,factor participation,output participation and self capacity building;the social subject with voluntary sector as the main external form is a strong support force for China’s rural poverty governance,which can be promoted through material collection,technology and service support,contribution coordination and intermediary force,and promotion of rural areas.The informal subjects with the collective,family,relatives and individuals as the main contents are the effective supplement to China’s rural poverty governance.They can provide and transmit the poverty governance welfare through fund and resource collection,differentiated and diversified services and participation in poverty alleviation projects.On this basis,this study also briefly points out the problems existing in the supply and transmission of poverty alleviation welfare,and gives relevant policy recommendations.In the aspect of welfare financing,the welfare financing in China presents the characteristics of extensive and sustainable,that is,the fund-raising channels are increasingly extensive,the fund-raising and use mechanism are improving day by day,the total amount of poverty-fighting funds is becoming larger and larger,and the financing presents a sustainably developing trend.Through the analysis,we find that there are four kinds of financing channels of welfare funds:financial poverty alleviation funds,industry poverty alleviation funds,financial credit poverty alleviation funds and social donation funds.Each type of funds has different proportion in the total amount of total funds,and has a relatively specific function and purpose,and its distribution,use,management and supervision are also clear.All of them have formed a more systematic and effective mechanism,which plays a positive role in improving the efficiency of funds and promoting the increase of poverty welfare.On this basis,the study also found that there are some problems and challenges in the distribution,management,use and supervision of rural poverty alleviation welfare financing in China.Therefore,it is necessary to further improve the structure of the raised funds,innovate the fund-raising mode,innovate the fund-raising mode and integrate and optimize the poverty alleviation fund management institutions.The innovation of poverty governance policies is of great significance to guide and guarantee poverty governance,build a harmonious society,and realize social equity and justice.There are collaborative innovation characteristics in China’s rural poverty governance policies.The diversification of the main body of poverty governance policy,the collaborative process of poverty control policy,and the combination and innovation of poverty policy tools are the concrete embodiment of China’s rural poverty governance welfare at the policy level,which has significant value for promoting the welfare increase of poor areas and groups.However,China’s rural poverty governance policy also has some defects,such as the relative lack of coordination of the main bodies,the lack of refinement of content of policy,the lack of forward-looking policy.Therefore,it is necessary to improve the poverty governance policy from the aspects of planning the "relative poverty stage" strategy,building the linkage mechanism between rural revitalization and poverty governance,and enhancing the pertinence and refinement of the poverty governance policy content.In this way,we can better increase the policy welfare for the poor areas and the poor people. |
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