A Political Philosophical Study Of Burke’s Community Thought From The Perspective Of Marx’s Community

Conservatism is one of the important schools of modern political philosophy,but the research on this school in domestic academic circles does not match its status and influence in western political history.To pay attention to conservatism,we must attach importance to Edmund Burke and his political philosophy.As an important entry point to understand Burke’s political philosophy,the study of Burke’s community ideology is a fundamental work to improve the academic situation of "the long-term undervaluation of conservative values.".Taking Marx’s community thought as the perspective,using the viewpoints and methods of Marx’s political philosophy,studying and criticizing Burke’s community thought,reexamining and evaluating its theoretical value,has various theoretical and practical significance for today’s world.Especially in the context of cultural exchange and mutual learning,it has important reference significance for enriching and developing Marx’s community thought,enriching and developing the achievements of modern Chinese political civilization,and promoting community construction in various fields and levels in the new era.This study focuses on four issues:first,the theoretical perspective of Marx’s community thought;The second is the theoretical origin and formation process of Burke’s political philosophy;The conservative nature and ideological system of Burke’s community thought;The fourth is the evaluation of Burke’s community thought from the perspective of Marx’s community thought.Firstly,the theoretical horizon of Marx’s community thought is developed from the following five aspects: first,the horizon of community formation: the real individual.The essence of human beings is social,and there is no solitary,abstract individual.Human sociality is reflected in his interpretation of social practice;The second is the vision of the purpose of the community: the union of free men.The ultimate goal of a community is to achieve the unity of human beings.As a free existence,human beings are no longer simply "inevitably" bound to matter,but seek the realization of a free person who exerts the essential power of human beings;The third is the perspective of the evolution of community logic: individual union-free person union.Human society is transformed from individual to society,from alienation to reality,and from necessity to freedom.The logical evolution direction of individual union is bound to move towards the union of free men;The fourth is the perspective of the historical form of the community: nature,illusion,freedom.The form of community inevitably undergoes a historical process from a natural community to an illusory community,and ultimately to a free man united community.The fifth is the perspective of the path of community realization: communism.Communism is not a social form,but a social movement.Marx described the path of human society’s development and progress as a movement process that conforms to the theory of historical dialectics and realizes communism.Secondly,the theoretical origin of Burke’s political philosophy can be traced back to four clues: first,the conservative ideological tradition.Respect for experience and prudent attitude towards the future are the main characteristics of British conservative culture.The Glorious Revolution strengthened the existence of this tradition in Britain;The second is the origin of philosophical theory.Burke inherited the respect for freedom and rights from classical liberalism,and the respect for common sense and experience from British empiricism;The third is the tradition of religious belief.Religion has an important position in British political tradition,and traditions such as freedom of belief and religious tolerance permeate Burke’s thought;The fourth is the influence of the Enlightenment.The enlightenment of Scotland was the enlightenment of ideas in experience,which played a decisive role in the formation of Burke’s ideas.The formation of Burke’s political philosophy is closely related to his political activities,and has generally gone through three stages: the initial formation from a philosophical perspective in the exploration of nature,sublimity,and beauty;In the political debate,the combination of specific political situations continues to deepen,and has been applied and verified in specific political event;Under the impact of the French Revolution,through criticism of the French Revolution,he concentrated on expounding his conservative political philosophy.Thirdly,to study Burke’s community thought,it is necessary to first understand its conservative nature from the perspective of ideological totality.First,taking morality and religion as the core of ethics;In terms of membership,both the state and individuals are in history and tradition,and state power and people’s natural rights are guaranteed by law;Third,respect the natural contract and institutional tradition in the operational mechanism;Fourth,in political practice,conservative political philosophy advocates maintaining party unity and the interests of the British Empire.According to the theoretical perspective of Marx’s community,the theoretical system of Burke’s community thought is grasped from five aspects: first,the composition of the community:the theory of individual constitution.It advocates that human is realistic and social,and human finiteness determines the imperfection of human nature.It opposes the theory of perfect human nature of rationalism;The second is the purpose of the community: the theory of organic society.Mainly adhere to the social Organicism,advocate that society takes precedence over individuals,and restrict the government,but there are also machine elements in the thought;The third is the logic of the community: experience and bounded rationality theory.He advocates the finiteness of rationality,opposes abstract rationality,and believes that human nature is imperfect and that maintaining a community must rely on historical experience and tradition;The fourth is the historical form of community: transformation and conservative traditional theories.It advocates maintaining the historical or existing community form and order,and its development and transformation are gradual and prudent,rather than radical and violent;The fifth is the realization path of the community: moderate reform and political opinion theory.The purpose of moderate reform is to maintain the traditional social rules and political rule,and the contradiction of political opinions on different political event is also to safeguard the interests of the community.Fourthly,from the perspective of Marxist community ideology,evaluate Burke’s conservative political philosophy.Its value is mainly reflected in: first,the value of individual communication in the perspective of composition.Burke opposes rational nature with the traditional nature of human nature,which has enlightening significance for modern society to "abandon the concept of atomic self",safeguard individual rights,and promote individual communication and development;The second is the value of social priority from the perspective of purpose.The social rights and interests brought about by the community are the real rights of the people,which are the foundation of the existence of a civilized society,taking precedence over individuals,and having important significance for modern society;The third is the value of moral order from the perspective of logic.Burke emphasized the legitimacy of traditional order and social structure,providing a natural reference for maintaining a modern social community,but this also exposed his stance on maintaining existing aristocratic politics;The fourth is the value of transformation conservatism from the perspective of historical forms.Burke is not rigid and unchanging,but adheres to the historical evolution and logical deduction of existing social forms;The fifth is to realize the value of moderate improvement from the perspective of path.Burke advocates a gentle,gradual,and improved theory of change,which provides a good reference for contemporary social reform.Although Burke’s thought has progressive significance and era value,there are still some fundamental defects due to the era,the identity of bourgeois politicians,especially the historical determinism and other elements in the thought.