A Study On The Reward And Pension System Of Northeast Bannerman In Qing Dynasty

The reward and pension system has existed since ancient times.The reward shows the reward and persuasion,and the pension shows the compassion and care.As the land of Longxing in the Qing Dynasty,It is the place where the eight flags system was created,Northeast China is also the earliest area to implement the policy of the bannerman reward and pension system,so this paper chooses the northeast local bannerman reward and pension system as the research object,in order to make a deeper exploration of the Qing Dynasty bannerman reward and pension system,and then enrich the research of the system of reward and pension in Qing Dynasty.Therefore,there is still a large research space for the study of the northeast bannerman’ reward and pensions.This article will start from the categories,measures,operation,drawbacks,characteristics,influence and so on,to study the northeast of Qing Dynasty bannerman reward and pension system.The reward of the banner people in the northeast of Qing Dynasty can be divided into two categories: reward and kindness.It means that the banner people are rewarded by the fact of merit,with the meaning of advocacy,for example,military service reward,diligent service reward,loyalty and filial piety,etc.The military service and diligent work reward measures are rewarding an position,rewarding silver,giving titles,etc.Commendation methods include giving plaques,entering temples,building workshops,etc.Banner people do not need to pay substantial achievements for the grace,such as red and white awards of silver,East tour of grace,festival rewards are such rewards,the grace reward is mainly to reward silver,the strength is lower than the reward.The pension types of banner people in Northeast in Qing Dynasty are mainly divided into casualty pension,rest for the sick,disaster relief,relief for the widowed and lonely,and relief for the poor.The higher merit they make,the preferential treatment will be given.The measures mainly include awarding silver,giving rank to future generations,retaining grade,etc.In the case of the death of a banner minister with outstanding merit,The standard of compensation will be higher.There are measures such as awarding posthumous honor,entering the loyal minister’s hall,and giving a biography.In addition,disaster relief,support for widows and orphans and relief for the poor are classified as relief types,in order to alleviate their survival crisis,the compensation is mainly based on money and food.The operation of reward and pensions mainly depends on the local institutions in Northeast of the Qing Dynasty.In this paper,the study on the operation of reward and pensions system mainly focuses on the bannerman’s organization and its specific operation links.Reward and compensation process is mainly divided into application,check,award and reward and check and cancel,in order to ensure the authenticity of reward and pension events,departments at all levels to the same reward and pension events over checking.In this process,it is found that there are cases such as false reporting and cheating,and the illegal bannerman’s officers and officers who handle the reward matters will be punished accordingly.Although it operates in accordance with the relevant charter,it is inevitable that there will be rare cases in which the relevant agencies do not know how to operate,and at this time,different agencies need to negotiate with each other to solve the problem.Most of the rewards and pensions were given in direct money and grain,and the recipients of the rewards could directly benefit from them.Therefore,there were some cases in which some bannerman tried to obtain the rewards by fabricating and falsely reporting.The problems in the award and pensions system do not only stem from the applicants themselves,because the operation procedures of reward and reward are complex,the size of the bannerman officials are various,the bannerman officials embezzled and appropriated reward silver,mishandled reward and reward,give reward at will cases also occur.In order to promote the orderly operation of the reward and compensation system,the Qing government mainly set out from two directions: strict regulations and severe punishment for violations.Although the rules of reward and pensions for Banner men became more and more detailed,and the disciplinary measures became more and more strict,the problem of reward and pensions for banner men in Northeast China was not effectively solved,and the abuse of excessive guarantee and excessive reward even reached its peak in the late Qing Dynasty.The characteristics of the banner people in northeast China in Qing Dynasty can be divided into the following aspects:First,the difference in reward level is obvious,the higher the official position and flag level of the flag,the greater the reward,the lower the official position and flag,the smaller the reward.Second,from the change of time line,in the early period of the Qing Dynasty,the Northeast banners were rewarded with high amount and rough style,while in the later period of the Qing Dynasty,the strength of the banners’ reward showed a gradual weakening trend.Thirdly,from the comparison of the reward and compensation between the bannerman in northeast China and other areas in Qing Dynasty,the reward and compensation of the bannerman in Northeast China in Qing Dynasty started the earliest time,but did not show obvious superior position in terms of the scale and intensity of reward.As an important means of administration,the implementation of the policy of reward to the Northeast bannerman in the Qing Dynasty strengthened the control of the Northeast bannerman,maintained the stability of the border area,guided the social morality,stabilized the military status of the Eight Flags garrisoned in the whole country,and not only improved the livelihood of the bannerman,but also hindered the development of the livelihood of the bannerman.