Research On The Transformation And Construction Of Methodology In Literature And Art In The New Era

From the perspective of the academic history of contemporary Chinese literary theory,the New Era is an important turning point in the reform and development of contemporary Chinese literary theory.The discussion of literary research methods was a theoretical craze that emerged at that time,reflecting the outstanding characteristics of the transformation and development of literary research at that stage.The reform and reconstruction of literary theory since the Reform and Opening-up,as well as the reform and development of literary research as a whole,started from the great discussion of bringing order to the chaos of literary theory in the new era and the rise of literary research methodology.In the discussion of literary research methodology in the New Era,the discussion and construction of literary research methodology occupies a relatively prominent and leading position.It is closely related to the discussion of other literary research methods,and at the same time it also plays an important role in the transformation and evolution of various literary research methods.From the perspective of the methodological reform of literature and art in the New Era,there is actually a certain degree of complexity.From a synchronic perspective,it involves the interaction between various theoretical forms within literature and art,as well as the mutual stimulation and mutual influence between various theoretical trends or theoretical concepts,including scientism and humanism,internal research and external research and etc.;from a diachronic perspective,the reform and development of literary and artistic methodology as a theoretical form has a gradual advancement process,first at the beginning of the New Era,under the background of ideological emancipation and ordering things out of chaos in the literary and art circles,breaking through the constraints of single theoretical models.At the same time,inspired by the introduction and reference of various foreign theoretical resources,forming open and diversified theoretical discussions and even debates,and then after a period of theoretical accumulation,gradually moving towards a more systematic theoretical construction,forming a staged continuous advancement process,and even extending to the continuous reform and development after the New Era,which plays a fundamental and important role in the innovative development of contemporary literary theory and serves as a link between the past and the future.From different aspects of diachrony and synchrony,conducting thematic and systematic research on the open changes and diversified theoretical construction of literary and artistic methodology in the New Era has certain academic significance for promoting and deepening the academic history of contemporary literary theory.The main part of the paper is divided into eight chapters to carry out research and discussion.The first chapter discusses the background and overall trends of the methodological changes in literature and art in the New Era from a macro perspective.In the context of the Reform and Opening-up in the New Era,on the one hand,social reforms marked by ideological emancipation and bringing order out of chaos have brought new opportunities for the entire academic innovation and development in the New Era,including reform and innovation in literature and art;on the other hand,the practice of literary creation in the New Era breaks through the single model of the past and continues to innovate and explore,various new literary phenomena such as the hurts generation Literature,introspection literature,and avant-garde literature have emerged.This strongly calls for reform and innovation of literary theory and literary research in the New Era,so as to adapt to the innovative development of literary creation practice.Moreover,literature and art itself has also sprouted the internal reform and development requirements of destroying the old and establishing the new.At the same time,various foreign literary theories and literary research methodologies have been continuously introduced and used for reference,which has played a great role in enlightening and motivating.The reform and development of literature and art methodology in the New Era shows an overall trend of openness and diversification.It includes both the two-way expansion of internal and external research,and the interweaving of humanism and scientism,forming an overall pattern of comprehensive advancement and vitality.The second chapter studies the discussion and construction of scientific methodology in literature and art.In the theoretical system of Chinese literature and art before the New Era,the element of scientific methodology was very weak.With the modernization of the country and the increasing development of science and technology in the New Era,scientism is gradually emerging.Scientific thinking and scientific discourse have an important enlightenment and promotion role in literary theory and literary research;at the same time,the introduction and reference of foreign scientism literary theory and literary research methodology also had a great impact.This brings about a multi-dimensional discussion of scientific methodology in literature and art,involving the discussion of natural science methodology and literary research issues,and the discussion of the "old three theories"(system theory,cybernetics,information theory)and the "new three theories"(dissipative structure theory,synergy theory,catastrophe theory)on literary research issues,etc.The discussion of scientific methodology plays an important role in promoting the reform and construction of literature and art methodology,and promotes the reform and development process of disciplinary and scientific development of literature and art in the New Era.The third chapter studies the discussion and construction of literary psychology methodology.Literary psychology is the application of the theoretical concepts and methods of modern psychology to the study of literary and artistic phenomena.This has a wide influence on foreign literary and artistic research.It has formed various methodological approaches such as humanistic psychology,psychoanalysis,gestalt psychology,and etc.Influenced by foreign literary theory trends,before the New Era,research on literary and artistic psychology in China already had a certain foundation.Since the New Era,this modern tradition has been re-continued,and with the wider acceptance of foreign theoretical results of literary and artistic psychology,it has developed a multi-dimensional in-depth discussion of the methodology of literary psychology.Discussions on the methodology of literary and artistic psychology show different trends between humanism and scientism,explore a deeper level of literary and artistic research,and lead to discussions on the "inward turn" of literary research in the New Era.Extensive and in-depth discussions have contributed to the theoretical construction of literary psychology methodology,which is reflected in the theoretical system of many literary psychology works and textbooks,and has a profound impact on literary research and literary criticism practice.Chapter four studies the methodological discussion and construction issues of the ontology study of literary form.Since the beginning of the 20 th century,there has been an ontological shift in literary research abroad,which regards literature as the existence of linguistic symbolic texts,focuses on conducting literary research from the aspects of linguistics,semiotics,narratology,etc.,and focuses on exploring the "internal laws" of literature,forming the concepts and methods of ontological research on literary form.After this literary research methodology was introduced and borrowed,it caused extensive discussions in the academic circle,involving issues such as literary form,language symbols,and narrative structure in the study of literary ontology,and expanded the new horizons of literary research in the New Era.This extensive and indepth discussion not only enhanced the theoretical consciousness of the ontology study of literary form,but also promoted the methodological construction of literary ontology research.The research results obtained from these discussions gradually accumulated into various theoretical forms and were reflected in the knowledge and theoretical system of literary theory textbooks.The discussion and theoretical construction of ontological research methods of literary form have played a corrective role in the literary research model of "emphasis on externality and depreciation of internality" before the New Era,brought attention to the "internal research" of literature that was ignored in the past,and promoted the coordinated development of "heteronomy" and "autonomy" in literary research.Chapter five studies the discussion and construction of literary aesthetics methodology.The humanistic trend of thought in the New Era and the rise of "aesthetic craze" have jointly promoted the discussion of literary aesthetic methodology.This discussion on the methodology of literary aesthetics can be divided into two stages for investigation.The first stage is mainly reflected in the discussion of the aesthetic thoughts of Marx’s "Paris Manuscripts" and the rise of subject theory aesthetics in the academic circle with the methodology issues of literary aesthetics,involving deepseated issues such as the humanistic connotation and subjectivity characteristics of the nature of literary aesthetics;the latter stage is mainly based on the continuous deepening of discussions on contemporary literary aesthetics and literary aesthetic theory,and is elevated to the level of literary research methodology,and then conducting a more comprehensive and in-depth discussion of the aesthetic essential characteristics and aesthetic laws of literature.The above discussion has promoted the construction of literary aesthetics methodology in the New Era.On the one hand,it has promoted the disciplinary development of literary aesthetics,gradually formed a more systematic theoretical system,and brought methodological guidance to literary aesthetic research;on the other hand,the study of literary aesthetic theory has been continuously systematized and entered the theoretical system of newly compiled literary theory textbooks,which has had a profound impact on the practice of literary criticism and literary research.Chapter six studies the discussion and construction of literary sociology methodology.The research methods of literary sociology before the New Era were influenced by ultra-left ideological trends and vulgar sociology,and had obvious shortcomings and great limitations.The discussion of the methodology of literary sociology in the New Era is,on the one hand,a profound reflection on the concepts,methods and models of literary sociology and social historical criticism that were relatively conservative and rigid in the past,and thereby summarizes and draws lessons from it;on the other hand,it is to face the reality of social change and development in the New Era and its reflection in literary and artistic practice,and to re-explore the innovative development of literary sociology and its methodology on the basis of introducing and learning from new achievements of foreign literary and artistic sociology research.Specifically,it involves issues such as the internal relationship and extension of different dimensions of literary sociology research,as well as the open expansion of the extroversion of literary sociology research,and its relationship with literary cultural studies,cultural anthropology and other research methods.Theoretical reflection and re-exploration of the above aspects have promoted the theoretical reconstruction of literary sociology methodology in the New Era.The achievements are reflected in the reconstructed theoretical system of literary sociology and literary theory textbooks,presenting new concepts,methods,perspectives and theoretical aspects.Chapter seven is a study of the discussion and construction of comparative literature research methodology.Influenced by foreign comparative literature research,China’s comparative literature research has long existed,but before the New Era it was still relatively weak and lacked methodological theoretical awareness.Under the conditions of the Reform and Opening-up,comparative literature research has flourished even more vigorously,and methodological awareness has continued to increase,which has led to discussions on comparative literature research methodology in the New Era.Specifically,it involves the analysis and discussion of the subject positioning of comparative literature,the comparative methods of literary research,the research methods of comparative literature,etc.,as well as the different theoretical forms of comparative literature such as the French school,the American school,the Soviet school,and the Chinese school,and a discussion of their differences and commonalities in research methods,etc.These discussions promoted the disciplinary development process of comparative literature,highlighted the methodological awareness of comparative literature research,and gradually formed a more conscious and systematic theoretical construction.This systematic construction of comparative literature research methodology is reflected in some systematic works and textbooks on comparative literature research in the New Era.Its concepts and methods of comparative literature research have also profoundly influenced and guided the practice of literary research and literary criticism in the New Era.It promoted the establishment of the discipline of comparative literature in China and the formation and development of the Chinese school of comparative literature.Chapter eight is an overall discussion of the characteristics and significance of the reform and construction of literary and artistic methodology in the New Era.The reform and construction of literature and art methodology in the New Era have the characteristics of that stage.This is mainly reflected in the fact that in the social and cultural context of the early stage of the Reform and Opening-up,the reform of literature and art methodology must destroy the old and establish the new,which will inevitably bring about the interweaving of tradition and modernity;under the influence of the introduction and reference of foreign literary research methodological resources,the theoretical forms of various literary and artistic methodologies,as well as their concepts and methods,are emerging one after another,attracting people’s close attention and fierce discussion,forming the "carnival" characteristics of literary and artistic methodological discussions in the New Era,has a positive effect in stimulating innovation and change in contemporary literary theory.The methodological changes in literature and art in the New Era have promoted the innovative development of contemporary literary theory,and have had an important influence and promotion effect on the subsequent conceptual changes in contemporary literary theory,the reconstruction of contemporary literary theory systems,and the development of contemporary literary criticism disciplines.The historical experience of the reform of literary theory methodology in the New Era is that it is not only based on the reform and development requirements of the local context,but also actively open to the outside world and learn from others,forming an open,innovative and diversified theoretical construction,which fully embodies the modern spirit of the reform and development of contemporary literary theory.The reform and construction of literary research methodology highlighted in the great discussion on literary research methodology in the New Era is a special phenomenon of that historical stage.Its rise has a specific background of the times.It has both positive results achieved in stages and outstanding characteristics as a turning point in the reform and development of contemporary Chinese literary theory.By putting this special phenomenon and its theoretical achievements into the perspective of the academic history of Chinese contemporary literary theory for study and discussion,and by summarizing historical experience and conducting theoretical reflections in connection with the historical process and theoretical perspective of Chinese modernization,we can gain Many new theoretical understandings and historical revelations.