Art And Truth

The hegemony of scientism has brought irreconcilable crisis to humanities and human existence.In Aesthetics and Art,these crises are embodied as the loss of truth in art and the tendency of thorough subjectification of aesthetics.In the aspect of human survival,it is a kind of antagonism between anthropocentrism and nature.The increasing material desire causes human beings to fall into a series of existential crises such as ecological crisis and moral crisis,which directly threatens the survival and development of human beings.How to solve these crises has become an important issue at present.Like other philosophers concerned with the fate of mankind,Hans-Georg Gadamer tried to counter the crisis posed by scientism with a new hermeneutics.In the horizon of existentialist hermeneutics,Gadamer began to defend the truth of art by applying the descriptive method of phenomenology and taking the dialectics of ancient Greece and Hegel as the logical basis.Gadamer advocated that humanistic cognition with "enlightenment" as the core should replace the scientific empirical cognition method,and found the basis for the spiritual discipline based on sensibility such as art to prove its universality and truth.On this basis,it criticizes the shackles of scientific epistemology on artistic truth and releases art from aesthetic consciousness.After building a solid foundation of universality,Gadamer turns to discussing the important role of content in artistic experience,starting from artistic experience rather than aesthetic experience,and reveals the way of existence of art with his unique "game" view,thus expanding the interpretation of artistic truth.By overcoming the "aesthetic distinction",Gadamer proved that what appears between history and truth is an intermediary with actual content.This medium may be a component that is constantly transforming in the game,or it may be a spiritual force that is breaking with tradition in the image that is becoming a presence.Whatever it is,it conveys to us the knowledge,the constant and open knowledge of the truth.Therefore Gadamer differs from the traditional view of truth in discussing the question of "what is truth",and turns the question of artistic truth into the question of "how is truth existed".When the existence of a work of art is experienced in the form of reading,art becomes a statement of truth.In the dialogue between the reader and the work,the truth emerges and is constantly generated.Through the transition of literary texts,artistic experience is universally transformed into the experience of understanding,thus subordinating aesthetics to hermeneutics.Truth exists in the form of understanding,and understanding has the basic signs of history and language.When the understanding of truth is described as a generative event of meaning occurring in the fusion of horizons,hermeneutic truth is different from the static and eternal view of truth in the traditional metaphysics tradition,and presents the characteristics of openness,generative and creative.In addition,Gadamer also uses his dialectics of ontological language to explain the participatory,pluralistic and dialogical features of hermeneutic truth,which further gets rid of the restrictions of the same,monologue epistemological truth on artistic experience.So far,Gadamer has realized the double transcendence of his artistic truth view over traditional subjective aesthetics and traditional truth view,and he has also turned the truth of understanding to the truth of application and the hermeneutics of philosophy to the philosophy of practice.The process of understanding itself contains application,and the experience of understanding has its own practical wisdom.Horizon fusion is also a process of application.The application of visual integration in artistic creation can not only guide us to better artistic creation under the multicultural background,but also make up for the lack of hermeneutic aesthetics ignoring artistic creation and focusing on understanding.Based on hermeneutic aesthetics and philosophical hermeneutics,practical philosophy offers the possibility of accommodating different human traditions,resolving conflicts and producing moral values with universal validity.The goal of practical hermeneutics is to construct a human community of unity,solidarity and friendship from the perspective of rationality and through dialogue,while allowing human beings to improve and reflect on themselves.In the end,Gadamer realizes the universality of hermeneutic truth in a wider scope with "dialogue".Although Gadamer’s view of artistic truth has some limitations,it still realizes the defense of artistic truth,and also provides a new perspective and methodological basis for the development of aesthetic discipline,the reconciliation of the relationship between man and the world,and the survival of human beings in the more general hermeneutic perspective.As the founder of modern philosophical hermeneutics and hermeneutic aesthetics,Gadamer played an indispensable role in promoting the development of Western aesthetics in the 20 th century.